Preliminary research results of cumin cultivation under Serbian environmental conditions

Abstract

Commercial cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds were sown on the field in village Mošorin, Serbia, in early April of 2014. The vegetation period lasted 98 days. The average height of the cultivated cumin plants was 18.5 cm, with 13 umbels 2.75 cm in diameter, containing 19.33 seeds per umbel. Plant weight was 1.26 g, yielding 0.54 g fruit per plant. Plants from India had essential oil content of 3.32%, while the plants grown in Serbia contained 5.31% essential oil. Essential oil obtained from the fruits of Indian cumin plants consisted of 19 compounds, while 30 compounds were found in essential oil obtained from cumin grown in Serbia. Essential oils were primarily composed of: y-terpinene-7-al, cuminaldehyde, B-pinene, y-terpinene and a-terpinene-7-al.

Komercijalno seme začinskog kumina (Cuminum cyminum L.) posejano je u Mošorinu, početkom aprila meseca 2014. godine. Vegetacioni period kumina je trajao 98 dana. Prosečna visina biljaka je bila 18,5 cm, jedna biljka je formirala u proseku 13 štitova, prečnika 2,75 cm, sa 19,33 zrna u štitu. Masa cele biljke u proseku je bila 1,26 g, a prinos ploda po biljci 0,54 g. Nakon žetve određene su kvalitativne karakteristike kako početnog semenskog materijala, tako i dobijenog semena, pri čemu je ustanovljeno da je sadržaj etarskog ulja u plodovima kumina iz Indije bio 3,32%, a iz Srbije čak 5.31%. U etarskom ulju plodova kumina iz Indije identifikovano je 19 komponenti, dok je u etarskom ulju iz Srbije ustanovljen značajno veci broj komponenti (30). Najzastupljenije komponente u oba etarska ulja su bile: y-terpinen-7-al, kumin-aldehid, B-pinen, y-terpinen i a-terpinen-7-al.