The influence of cultivar, location and year on winter wheat yield

Abstract

The yield of wheat is influenced by a number of factors. Climatic effects during the growing season can be mitigated by proper selection of cultivars and agricultural practice. Five high-yielding and widely spread NS wheat cultivars (Zvezdana, NS 40S, Simonida, Rapsodija i Pobeda) were analyzed in the two- year period (2012-2013) at four locations (Rimski Šančevi, Kikinda, Sombor i Ruma). The highest average grain yield had cv. Zvezdana (7.81 t/ha), while the cultivar NS 40S exhibited the greatest variations among years and locations. Location Rimski Šančevi had the highest average yield (8.81 t/ha). Growing season 2012 was characterized by a significantly lower grain yield (6.82 t/ha) as compared to the year 2013 (8:15 t/ha), in which less variation in yield between varieties was observed. Ability to adapt to the specific soil and microclimate conditions in some locations, has the greatest influence on realization of the productive potential of cultivated varieties.

Prinos pšenice uslovljen je velikim brojem faktora. Nepovoljni klimatski efekti tokom vegetacione sezone, mogu se ublažiti pravilnim izborom sorte i sortne agrotehnike. Pet visokoprinosnih i široko raspostranjenih NS sorti pšenice (Zvezdana, NS 40S, Simonida, Rapsodija i Pobeda) analizirano je u dvogodišnjem periodu (2012-2013) na četiri lokaliteta (Rimski Šančevi, Kikinda, Sombor i Ruma). Najveći prosečni prinos zrna ostvarila je sorta Zvezdana (7.81 t/ha), dok je sorta NS 40S ispoljila najveće variranje između godina i lokaliteta. Lokalitet Rimski Šančevi istakao se sa najvišim prosekom (8.81 t/ha). Proizvodna 2012. godina odlikovala se znatno nižim prinosom zrna (6.82 t/ha) u odnosu na 2013. godinu (8.15 t/ha), u kojoj je uočeno i manje variranje prinosa između sorti. Sposobnost prilagođavanja specifičnim zemljišnim i mikroklimatskim uslovima na pojedinim lokalitetima, u najvećoj meri utiče na realizaciju proizvodnog potencijala gajenih sorti.