Uticaj spoljne sredine na kvalitet zrna pšenice

Abstract

Pšenica (Triticum spp.) je jedna od najadaptabilnijih biljnih vrsta, zbog sposobnosti da se prilagodi variranju uslova spoljne sredine. Međutim, visoke temperature, količina i raspored padavina tokom rasta i razvića biljke i nalivanja zrna utiču na fiziološko-biohemijske procese, a time i na kvalitet zrna pšenice. Visoka tehnologija gajenja poljoprivrednih useva smanjuje negativan uticaj meteoroloških uslova. Sa druge strane, tehnološki razvoj i intenzivirana poljoprivredna proizvodnja uzrokuju globalne klimatske promene. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se analizira uticaj abiotskih faktora (minimalna, maksimalna i srednja temperatura vazduha i suma padavina) na kvalitet zrna ozime pšenice. Analizirano je dvadeset sorti ozime pšenice, domaćeg i stranog porekla, tokom dve vegetacione sezone (2021/2022 i 2022/2023) Istraživanja su izvedena na oglednom polju (Rimski šančevi) i u laboratoriji Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, Srbija.

Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the most adaptable crop species due to its ability to adjust to the variations of the environmental factors. However, high temperatures, precipitation quantity and distribution during plant development and grain filling affect biochemical processes and consequently grain quality. Advanced technology in growing agricultural crops decreases the negative impact of meteorological conditions. On the other hand, increased technological development and intensified agricultural production cause global climate change. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of abiotic factors (minimum, maximum and optimum average temperature and precipitation sum) on the quality of winter wheat grain. Twenty national and international winter wheat cultivars were analyzed in two growing seasons. The trial was carried out on the experimental fields and in laboratories of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops.