Contamination of vineyard soils by copper resulting from the application of copper-based fungicides

Abstract

Soil copper content of several vineyards in the province of Vojvodina was studied in this paper. The sample comprised soil from vineyards owned by individual private growers (16 relatively small plots in total) as well as soil from a vineyard located at a trial farm of Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Novi Sad (9 plots and three checks) in Sremski Karlovci. The study results suggest there are increased copper levels and a tendency towards soil contamination by copper in the vineyards studied, calling for reduced use of copper-based fungicides. Of the 16 plots owned by individual private growers, nine had increased copper levels along with high to toxic levels of readily available potassium and phosphorus. The highest copper content recorded in this part of the study was 214.20 mg/kg, which is twice as high as the maximum value allowed. At the trial farm in Sremski Karlovci, the copper content of the vineyard soil was higher than that of the controls and decreased steadily with increasing soil depth, which is indicative of its anthropogenic origin. Of the 78 samples studied, only three had a copper content that exceeded the maximum allowed concentration (MAC) of 100 mg/kg. However, almost all of the samples from the 0-15 cm surface layer had copper levels exceeding the critical value of 60 mg/kg, suggesting that this soil is possibly in danger and requires reduced use of copper-based fungicides in combination with soil monitoring.

U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja sadržaja bakra u zemljištima vinograda individualnih proizvođača sa 16 relativno malih parcela u Vojvodini kao i sadržaj bakra u zemljištu vinograda Oglednog dobra u Sremskim Karlovcima Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Novom Sadu, gde je posmatrano devet parcela u odnosu na tri kontrole. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na povišen sadržaj bakra i tendenciju zagađenja zemljišta vinograda ovim elementom, te je neophodno sprovesti racionalizaciju primene fungicida na bazi bakra. Od 16 posmatranih parcela individualnih proizvođača, 9 parcela je opterećeno povišenim sadržajem bakra a istovremeno i visokim do toksičnim sadržajem lakopristupačnog kalijuma i fosfora. Maksimalna izmerena vrednost za sadržaj bakra u ovom delu istraživanja iznosi 214,20 mg/kg, što je vrednost duplo veća od dozvoljene. Na Oglednom dobru u Sremskim Karlovcima, sadržaj bakra u zemljištu pod vinogradom je viši u odnosu na kontrolu i pravilno se smanjuje po dubini profila, što ukazuje na antropogeno poreklo ovog elementa. Od 78 ispitivanih uzoraka, samo tri uzorka po sadržaju bakra premašuju MDK od 100 mg/kg, ali svi uzorci iz površinskog sloja 0-15cm imaju sadržaj bakra preko kritične vrednosti od 60 mg/kg, što pokazuje da je zemljište na ovim površinama potencijalno ugroženo i da treba racionalno primenjivati fungicide na bazi bakra uz monitoring zemljišta.