Mechanize desiccation in oil-plant production

Abstract

Desiccation has been used for a long time in agriculture. It is especially important in cold climate since spring crops are very often not ready for harvesting before late autumn, when harvesting condition are difficult. Desiccation is important in seed production since only high yield but also good seed qualities have been required. Sunflower hybrid seed production has been particularly facilitated due to specific plant pathology during ripening. By means of desiccation spreading of seed has been reduced, attack of different head parasites has been avoided, harvesting is easier and additional drying is not required. Negative effects of early frosts on germination could be avoided too. Desiccation is to be performed when seed moisture reach 40 %, depending on genotypes. Optimal solution for desiccation are self propel sprayers with high clearance. Machine for cutting corn flowers with sprayers is also good solution. Tractor sprayers and airplanes could be use if necessary. All equipment for application must have appropriate nozzles. Successful soya desiccation can be done with trailer tractor sprayer. The best results in sunflower desiccation give Reglone forte with dose 2 l/ha and norm 300 l/ha. For soya desiccation optimum dose is 2-3 l/ha with norm 150 l/ha.

Desikacija je agrotehnička mera koja je u poljoprivrednoj praksi prisutna duži niz godina. Ova mera posebno dolazi do izražaja u hladnijem klimatu, jer prolećni usevi često dospevaju za žetvu u poznu jesen kada su uslovi za ubiranje otežani. Desikacija je prisutna u svim regionima s intenzivnom poljoprivrednom proizvodnjom, koja podrazumeva mehanizovano ubiranje useva. Desikacija suncokreta, naročito semenskog, veoma je opravdana mera, jer se ranijom žetvom smanjuje rastur semena, izbegavaju se napadi raznih parazita glavice, olakšava kombajniranje i izbegava dodatno sušenje zrna. Izbegava se nepovoljan uticaj mrazeva na klijavost. Desikaciju treba izvoditi kad vlaga u zrnu padne ispod 40 %. U vezi sa ovim pitanjem postoje razlike između genotipova. Optimalno rešenje za desikaciju su samohodne prskalice sa visokim klirensom. Dobro rešenje je adaptirani čupač metlica za velike površine, a mogu da se koriste i vazduhoplovi. Nužno rešenje je korišćenje traktorskih prskalica. Svi uređaji za aplikaciju moraju biti opremljeni odgovarajućim rasprskivačima. Desikacija soje uspešno se izvodi vučenim traktorskim prskalicama. Najbolje rezultate u desikaciji suncokreta daje preparat "reglone forte" u dozi 2 l/ha sa normom od 300 l/ha. Za desikaciju soje optimalna doza je 2-3 l/ha i normom 150 l/ha.