Contribution of NS cultivars of forage crops to feed production

Abstract

This paper describes the achievements of the forage breeding program of the Forage Crops Department of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad from 1946 till 2006. The program has involved work on nine species of forage crops and has produced 51 cultivars registered in Serbia and seven registered abroad. It started with the breeding of alfalfa as the most important forage crop species. The alfalfa part of the program can be divided into several cycles according to the different cultivars that marked each cycle. The most important among these are the cultivars NS Banat ZMS II and NS Mediana ZMS V, which are very widely grown in commercial production and have high yields and excellent quality (Tab. 1 and 2). A total of 13 alfalfa cultivars have been developed so far at the Institute using different breeding methods. The new alfalfa cultivars Banat VS and NS Alfa are characterized by high yields and quality of hay and forage (Tab. 3 and 4). They are better adapted to Serbian growing conditions than the foreign cultivars and are also better than them in terms of yields and quality. The Forage Crops Department started breeding red clover in the 1990s and this is its youngest program. In a short period of time, two red clover cultivars have been developed, Kolubara and Una (Fig. 1 and 2). The Department's breeding of annual forage legumes is based on the preservation and sustainable use of genetic resources from its collection of annual forage le gumes. This part of the program places special focus on breeding for forage and grain yields and also focuses on increased resistance to abiotic stress. Self-pollinated forage legumes are bred by the pedigree method, bulk method and backcrossing. These breeding procedures have been used to develop the widely known MS cultivars of winter forage pea (Pionir), winter vetch (Meoplanta), spring fodder pea (Junior, Jezero), and spring vetch (Movi Beograd), which produce outstandingly high yields of excellent quality (Tab. 5 and 6). Breeding of forage sorghums and Sudan grass consists in developing cultivars (Titan, Sava, MS Šećerac) and hybrids (MS Čiker, and Siloking) that have a large potential for high and stable yields and are suitable for use as green forage, hay and silage (Tab. 7).

U radu su predstavljena dostignuća u oplemenjivanju krmnih biljaka u Zavodu za krmno bilje Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, u periodu 1947 - 2006. Radom na 9 vrsta krmnog bilja, stvorena je 51 sorta priznata u Srbiji i 7 sorti u inostranstvu. Prvi pro gram oplemenjivanja krmnog bilja u Institutu započet je na lucerki kao najznačajnijoj krmnoj biljci. Može se podeliti u nekoliko ciklusa, koji se odlikuju stvorenim sortama, od kojih su izuzetno raširene u proizvodnji, NS Banat ZMS II i NS Mediana ZMS V. Različitim metodama oplemenjivanja do sada je u Novom Sadu stvoreno 13 sorti lucerke. Nove sorte lucerke (Banat VS i NS Alfa), široke su genetske osnove adaptabilnije od stranih sorti na uslove gajenja u Srbiji, a po prinosu i kvalitetu su bolje. Oplemenjivanje crvene deteline započeto je 90-tih godina prošlog veka i to je najmlađi pro gram u Zavodu za krmno bilje. Za kratko vreme, stvorene su dve NS sorte crvene deteline, Kolubara i Una. Oplemenjivanje jednogodišnjih krmnih mahunarki zasnovano je na očuvanju i održivom korišćenju genetičkih resursa jednogodišnjih krmnih mahunarki oličenih u Zbirci jednogodišnjih krmnih mahunarki, sa naglaskom na oplemenjivanje na prinos krme i zrna kao glavnim pravcima i oplemenjivanjem na povećanje otpornosti na abiotski stres. U oplemenjivanju samooplodnih krmnih mahunarki primenjuju se pedigre metod, balk metod i povratno ukrštanje kao najraširenije metode. Ovim oplemenjivačkim procedurama stvorene su široko poznate sorte ozimog krmnog graška (Pionir), ozime grahorice (Neoplanta), jarog stočnog graška (Junior, Jezero) i jare grahorice (Novi Beograd). Oplemenjivanje krmnih sirkova i sudanske trave vrši se stvaranjem sorti (Titan, Sava, NS Šećerac) i hibrida (NS Čiker i Siloking) izraženog potencijala za visoke i stabilne prinose, koji su pogodni za iskorišćavanje u vidu zelene krme, sena i silaže.