Nacionalne kolekcije mikroorganizama značajne za poljoprivredu

Abstract

U svetu postoji 514 nacionalnih/međunarodnih kolekcija mikroorganizama u 66 zemalja, koje uključuju i dve kolekcije bakterija azotofiksatora u Srbiji: Collection of Bacteria (853 soja bakterija i jedna vrsta gljive)- Institute of Soil Science Department of soil Microbiology; Belgrade; i Novi Sad Collection of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria (44 soja) - Institute of Field Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (World Data Center on Microorganisms). Neki mikroorganizmi sa našeg podneblja deponovani su u međunarodnim kolekcijama, ali o tome naučna javnost nije upoznata. Pored navedenih, u Srbiji postoje veoma bogate, posebno sojevima gljiva, nezvanične kolekcije koje se čuvaju u pojedinim institucijama (npr. preko 3600 izolata od 84 determinisane vrste gljiva u Institutu za kukuruz "Zemun Polje"; 65 sojeva gljiva poreklom iz pšenice i brojne radne kolekcije s drugih biljnih vrsta u Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad; 262 soja gljiva u Institutu za stočarstvo, Zemun; 242 determinisana izolata fitopatogenih bakterija na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Beogradu). Zbog nedostatka potrebne opreme i primene nestandardizovanih postupaka konzerviranja, originalnost i vitalnost ovih mikroorganizama nije moguće očuvati u dužem vremenskom periodu.

There are 514 national/international collections of microorganisms in 66 countries that include two collections of nitrogen fixing bacteria in Serbia: Collection of Bacteria (853 strains of bacteria and one fungal species) - Institute of Soil Science, Department of Soil Microbiology, Belgrade; and the Novi Sad Collection of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria (44 strains) - Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (World Data Centre on Microorganisms). Some of microorganisms originating from our regions are deposited in the international collections, but our scientific community is not yet informed. Besides stated collections in Serbia, there are very rich unofficial collections, especially in fungal strains, stored in certain institutions ( e.g. over 3,600 isolates out of 84 determined fungal species are stored at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje; 65 fungal strains originating from wheat and numerous working collections from other plant species arc stored at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad; 262 fungal strains are stored at the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Zemun; there are 242 determined isolates of phytopathogenic bacteria at the Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade). Due to a lack of the necessary equipment and the application of non-standardised procedures in conservation, it is not possible to maintain the originality and vitality of these microorganisms in a longer period of time.