Characterization of F1 interspecific hybrids between wild Helianthus annuus L. populations and cultivated sunflower

Abstract

Phenotype, chromosomes pairing and pollen vitality were compared between parental populations and F1 hybrids of interspecific cross between Helianthus annuus L. and cultivated sunflower. The investigation of the simple sequence repeats (SSR) polymorphism was also used to test the hybrid nature of F1 populations. The phenotypic traits of F1 hybrid plants were either closer to the wild species or intermediate. Irregular chromosome pairing was found in only 0 to 10% of meiocytes in the meiosis of F1 hybrid plants. Interspecific crosses were confirmed with SSR markers in all hybrid combinations. Alleles that were not present in parental DNA were frequently observed in F1 hybrids. That is additional evidence that those hybrid combinations were not produced by self-fertilization. The results suggest that SSR markers can be efficiently used for the F1 hybrid characterization in crosses between closely related species, in which, the changes of phenotype, meiosis and pollen vitality are not always significant.

Radi provere uspešnosti ukrštanja, posmatrane su promene u fenotipu, mejozi i vitalnosti polena F1 hibrida u odnosu na roditelje, kao i polimorfnost mikrosatelitskih sekvenci DNK (SSR) u međuvrsnom ukrštanju divlje vrste Helianthus annuus L. sa gajenim suncokretom. Osobine fenotipa F1 hibridnih biljaka su bile bliske divljoj vrsti ili intermedijarne. U mejozi F1 hibrida je bio prisutan mali broj mejocita (O do 10%) sa nepravilnostima u parenju hromozoma. Primenom SSR markera potvrđeno je da su hibridne kombinacije dobijene međuvrsnim ukrštanjem. U većini hibridnih kombinacija su nađeni aleli kojih nije bilo kod roditelja što je dodatni dokaz da one nisu nastale samooplodnjom. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da se SSR markeri mogu efikasno koristiti za proveru uspešnosti ukrštanja filogenetski bliskih vrsta, kod kojih u F1 generaciji nisu prisutne značajne promene u fenotipu, mejozi i vitalnosti polena.