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Archaeoentomological assessment of weevil (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) infestation level of pea (Pisum sativum) at the Late Bronze Age settlement Hissar
Arheoentomološka procena nivoa zaraženosti žiškom (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) u zalihi graška na kasnobronzanodobnom, gradinskom naselju Hisar
dc.creator | Medović, Aleksandar | |
dc.creator | Mikić, Aleksandar | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-06-08T08:13:57Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-06-08T08:13:57Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1821-3944 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2217-8392 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/2816 | |
dc.description.abstract | A find of 2572 charred seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.) was detected at the Late Bronze Age tell settlement Hissar near Leskovac, in Serbia, belonging to the Brnjica cultural group, 14–10 cent. BC. Two types of pea seeds were observed: apparently healthy seeds and seeds damaged by the activity of a weevil (Coleoptera, Bruchidae). At least twofifths of all finds have apparently been infested most probably by pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum L.), one of the most important pea pests worldwide, especially in medium-moist and dry climates, such as Southern Europe and Australia. A large amount of infested pea seeds indicates a developed pea production on small plots, strongly indicating that cultivating this ancient pulse crop must have been well-rooted in field conditions. Previous DNA analyses of charred pea placed the ancient Hissar pea at an intermediate position between extantly cultivated pea (P. sativum L. subsp. sativum var. sativum) and a wild, winter hardy, ‘tall’ pea (P. sativum subsp. elatius (Steven ex M. Bieb.) Asch. et Graebn.). Based on an assumption of its late harvest time and combined with pea weevil life cycle stage in charred seeds, it was possible to estimate the season during which the seeds were carbonized, namely, the second half of July or the first days of August at the latest. Older, final weevil instars were predominant before seed carbonization. The pea infestation rate at Hissar is one of the highest noted among pulses in the Old World and the highest among peas, so far. | sr |
dc.description.abstract | U jednoj zalihi uglјenisanog graška na lokalitetu Hisar kod Leskovca primećene su dve vrste semena: naizgled zdrava semena i semena oštećena ubušivanjem larvi, najverovatnije graškovog žiška. Najmanje dve petine svih nalaza su imale tipična oštećenja nastala ishranom larvi Bruchus pisorum L. Ovaj broj nije konačan jer se nakon svake naknadne analize broj formiranih „prozora“ na zaraženim semenima povećao i postao vidlјiv. Visok procenat zaraženih semena graška na Hisaru ukazuje na razvijenu proizvodnju graška na malim parcelama. Na kraju bronzanog doba, uzgoj graška je sigurno bio dobro ukorenjen u ratarskoj proizvodnji stanovnika ovog naselјa. Prethodne DNK analize postavile su ovaj drevni grašak u poziciju između gajenog (Pisum sativum L.) i divlјeg, ozimog P. sativum subsp. elatius (Steven ex M. Bieb.) Asch. et Graebn. Na osnovu pretpostavke o kasnom vremenu žetve ozimog graška i utvrđene faze životnog ciklusa graškovog žiška, bilo je moguće proceniti deo sezone tokom kojeg je došlo do procesa uglјenisanja. Na osnovu skoro formiranih „prozora“, pretpostavlјamo da su se larve sa Hisara nalazile u poodmakloj fazi razvoja, neposredno pred preobražaj u stadijum lutke. Svega nekoliko velikih izlaznih otvora odraslih žižaka je bilo uočeno. Proces uglјenisanja se stoga morao dogoditi u drugoj polovini jula, ili najkasnije tokom prvih dana avgusta. Ovaj rezultat predstavlјa jedan od dosad najvećih nivoa infestacije mahunarki dokumentovanih u Starom svetu i najveći praistroijski nalaz infestiranosti graška. Nema dokaza o upotrebi prirodnih supstanci kao repelenata protiv graškovog žiška. Grašak uzgajan na Hisaru bio je sitnozrni. Na osnovu kombinacije morfoloških podataka i rezultata dobijenih eksperimentima, pretpostavlјamo da je grašak imao veći sadržaj proteina i fosfora. | sr |
dc.language.iso | en | sr |
dc.publisher | Novi Sad : Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops | sr |
dc.rights | openAccess | sr |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
dc.source | Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo / Field and Vegetable Crops Research | sr |
dc.subject | arheoentomologija | sr |
dc.subject | Bruchus pisorum L. | sr |
dc.subject | grašak | sr |
dc.subject | graškov žižak | sr |
dc.subject | Hisar | sr |
dc.subject | kasno bronzano doba | sr |
dc.subject | Leskovac | sr |
dc.subject | Srbija | sr |
dc.subject | Hissar | sr |
dc.subject | infestation | sr |
dc.subject | late bronze age | sr |
dc.subject | mass find | sr |
dc.subject | pea | sr |
dc.subject | pea weevil | sr |
dc.subject | Serbia | sr |
dc.title | Archaeoentomological assessment of weevil (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) infestation level of pea (Pisum sativum) at the Late Bronze Age settlement Hissar | sr |
dc.title | Arheoentomološka procena nivoa zaraženosti žiškom (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) u zalihi graška na kasnobronzanodobnom, gradinskom naselju Hisar | sr |
dc.type | article | sr |
dc.rights.license | BY | sr |
dc.citation.epage | 22 | |
dc.citation.issue | 1 | |
dc.citation.rank | M51 | |
dc.citation.spage | 14 | |
dc.citation.volume | 58 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.5937/ratpov58-31204 | |
dc.identifier.fulltext | http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/bitstream/id/7843/bitstream_7843.pdf | |
dc.identifier.scopus | 2-s2.0-85106259115 | |
dc.type.version | publishedVersion | sr |