Efekat tretmana semena elektromagnetnim polјem niskih frekvencija na produktivnost soje

Abstract

Razvoj nauke i tehnologije ide u pravcu introdukcije novih pristupa u oplemenjivanju biljaka i različitih metoda za povećanja produktivnosti biljaka. Jedna od najnovijih metoda je implementacija ekološki prihvatljive tehnike korišćenja pulsirajućeg elektromagnetnog polja niskih frekvencija (PEMP). U radu su prikazani rezultati uticaja elektromagnetne stimulacije semena soje na masu zrna po biljci, masu 1.000 zrna i prinos zrna u različitim agroekološkim uslovima. U trogodišnjem istraživanju, u periodu od 2013. do 2015. godine, korišćena je sorta soje Valjevka, gajena pri različitim količinama đubriva (kontrola – bez đubrenja, 750 kg/ha i 1300 kg/ha). Pre setve, seme je bilo podvrgnuto stimulaciji sa PEMP u varijantama: kontrola – bez stimulacije i stimulacija naizmeničnim magnetnim poljem sa indukcijom od 30 mT i vreme ekspozicije od 15 minuta. Prosečna masa zrna po biljci pri stimulaciji semena bila je za 11,53% (12,09) viša nego bez PEMP (10,84). Masa 1.000 zrna sa PEMP je iznosila 155,99 g, što je bilo više za 2,06% u odnosu na varijantu bez PEMP (152,83 g). Prosečan prinos zrna soje za sve tri godine istraživanja sa stimulacijom semena je bio za 4,85% veći (3481,25 kg/ha) nego bez PEMP (3320,14 kg/ha). Stimulacija semena sa PEMP ima ekonomsku opravdanost, obzirom na rast cena soje na svetskoj berzi. Rezultati pokazuju da PEMP tretman semena soje može značajno uticati na prinos zrna soje i da se suprotstavi neželјenim efektima poput suše i nedostatka đubriva.

The development of science and technology introduces new approaches in plant breeding and various methods to increase plant productivity. One of the latest methods is the implementation of an environmentally friendly technique of using a pulsed low-frequency electromagnetic field (PEMP). The paper presents the results of the influence of the electromagnetic stimulation of soybean seeds on grain weight per plant, weight of 1,000 grains and grain yield in different agroecological conditions. In the three-year research, in the period from 2013 to 2015, the soybean variety Valjevka was used, grown with different amounts of fertilizers (control – without fertilization, 750 kg/ha and 1300 kg/ha). Before sowing, the seed was subjected to PEMP stimulation in variants: control – without stimulation and alternating magnetic field stimulation (PEMP) with induction of 30 mT and exposure time of 15 minutes. The average grain weight per plant during seed stimulation was 11.53% (12.09) higher than without PEMP (10.84). The weight of 1,000 grains with PEMP was 155.99 g, which was 2.06% higher than the weight of 1,000 grains of the variant without PEMP (152.83 g). The average soybean grain yield for all three years of research with seed stimulation was 4.85% higher (3,481.25 kg/ha) than without PEMP (3,320.14 kg/ha). Stimulation of seeds with PEMP has economic justification given the growth of soybean prices on the world stock market. The results show that the PEMP treatment of soybean seeds can significantly affect soybean grain yield and counteract side effects such as drought and lack of fertilizers.