Effects of autumn and spring primary tillage on soybean yield and 1000-grain weight in the agro-ecological conditions of Serbia

Abstract

Soybean yield depends on the selection of cultivars, soil fertility, applied cultivation practices, and agroclimatic conditions over the years. High-quality and timely primary tillage is essential for stable development and high yields of soybean plants. The effect of autumn and spring primary tillage on soybean yield and 1000-grain weight was examined in a three-year study (2013-2015). The trial included cultivars with different maturity periods, developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad: Valjevka and Galina 0 maturity group, Sava and NS Maximus I maturity group, Rubin and Venera II maturity group. Trial subplots were prepared using different periods of primary tillage, which was conducted in autumn (November, 01–05) and spring (March, 25–31). The highest yields and 1000-grain weight were obtained after autumn primary tillage in all the three study years. Yield decrease by 2.72% to 38.91% and 1000-grain weight decrease of 1.33%-11.93% were recorded after spring primary tillage

Prinos soje zavisi od izbora sorte, plodnosti zemljišta, primijenjenih agrotehničkih mjera i agroklimatskih uslova u pojedinim godinama. Kvalitetna i pravovremena osnovna obrada zemljišta je uslov za normalan razvoj biljaka soje i ostvarenje visokoh prinosa. U trogodišnjim istraživanjima (2013-2015) proučavan je uticaj jesenje i proljećne osnovne obrade na prinos i masu 1000 zrna soje. U ogledu su bile zastupljene sorte soje Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad, različite dužine vegetacionog perioda: Valjevka i Galina–0 grupe zrenja, Sava i NS Maximus–I grupe zrenja) i Rubin i Venera, II–grupe zrenja. Podparcele u ogledu bile su sa različitim vremenom osnovne obrade zemljišta. Osnovna obrada je vršena u jesenjem periodu (01-05. novembra) i u proljećnom periodu (25–31. mart). Jesenjom osnovnom obradom zemljišta za proizvodnju soje ostvareni su najviši prinosi i najviša vrijednost za masu 1000 zrna soje, u sve tri istraživane godine. Kod proljećne osnovne obrade smanjenje prinosa kretalo od 2,72 % do 38,91 % i smanjenje mase 1000 zrna u pojedinim godinama od 1,33 % do 11,93 %.