Uticaj agroekoloških uslova, setvene norme i azota na klijavost semena engleskog ljulja (Lolium perenne L.)

Abstract

Engleski ljulj (Lolium perenne L.) pripada porodici bokorastih trava (Poaceae) i sa agronomskog aspekta predstavlja najvažniju vrstu trava za pašnjake u umerenoj klimi. Ogledi sa engleskim ljuljom izvedeni su u agroekološkim uslovima Šumadije na lokalitetu Darosava, u trogodišnjem periodu, 2012-2014 godina. U ispitivanom vremenskom periodu, prosečna klijavost semena iznosila je 66%. Najveća prosečna vrednost ukupne klijavosti semena tokom eksperimenta postignuta je 2013. godine (93,6%) dok je najmanja ukupna klijavost semena zabeležena u 2014. godini (66,1%). Na ovaj parametar snažan uticaj imale su količine padavina. Druga godina ispitivanja bila je najpovoljnija za semensku proizvodnju engleskog ljulja. Razmak redova i prolećno đubrenje azotom značajno su uticali na ukupnu klijavost semena engleskog ljulja. Sa povećanjem udaljenosti ili količine upotrebljenog đubriva, vrednost ukupnog klijanja semena je rasla tokom svih testiranih godina. Uticaj setvene norme je bio suprotan, sa povećanjem količine semena dolazilo je do smanjenja ukupne klijavosti u sve tri godine.

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) belongs to the family of bunchgrasses (Poaceae) and from the agronomical point of view it represents most important type of grass for pastures in temperate climates. Experiments with perennial ryegrass were performed in agroecological conditions of Šumadija, locality Darosava in period of three years (2012-2014). The examined period, the highest average seed germination was 66%. Highest average value of total seed germination during the experiment is achieved in 2013th (93.6%), until lowest total seed germination is noticed in 2014th (66.1%). Precipitation parameters had a strong influence on this parameter. Second year of experiment was the most favorable for perennial grass seed production. Distance between rows and spring fertilization of nitrogen had a significant influence on total seed germination of perennial ryegrass. With increasing of distances or quantity of used fertilizer, value of total seed germination has grown during all testing years. The impact of sowing rate was the opposite, with increasing of seed quantity there was a decrease in total germination in all three years.