Uticaj genotipa, spoljnje sredine i njihove interakcije na prinos i kvalitet semena uljane repice

Abstract

U radu je analiziran prinos i kvalitet semena 40 divergentnih genotipova ozime uljane repice tokom četiri vegetacione sezone. Analizirani su prinos semena (PS), ulja (PU) i proteina (PP), masa 1000 semena (MHS), sadržaj ulja (SU) i proteina (SP), sadržaj i sastav masnih kiselina (MK) i tokoferola. Sagledan je uticaj genotipa, spoljne sredine i njihove interakcije na analizirana svojstva. Na variranje srednjih vrednosti prinosa, komponenti prinosa, sadržaja C16:0, C18:0 i C18:3 su najviše uticali faktori spoljne sredine (44‒81% ukupne varijacije). Glavni efekat genotipa je bio preovlađujući (48‒82% ukupne varijacije) za sadržaj C18:1, C18:2 i C22:1, kao i za sadržaj α-tokoferola. Heritabilnost MHS, SU, SP, svih MK izuzev C18:0, kao i α-tokoferola je bila visoka (>74%). Za većinu analiziranih osobina je utvrđena međusobna zavisnost. Veza između PS sa PU i PP je bila jaka pozitivna, dok je veza SU i SP bila jaka negativna. AMMI modelom je ispitana interakcija genotip‒spoljna sredina. Pomoću ovog modela su izdvojeni perspektivni stabilni genotipovi uljane repice, pre svega po PS, PU i SU. Linija NS-L-251 se istakla stabilnošću i visokim SU, dok je sorta Nevena bila najmanje stabilna. Visok stabilan PS su imale NS-L-136 i NS-L-32. Prema parametrima prinosa klaster analizom su izdvojena dva klastera. Na osnovu MK sastava svi genotipovi su grupisani u dva klastera, pri čemu je NS-L-102 zbog značajnih odstupanja, pre svega u sadržaju C18:1 i C22:1, jedini član drugog klastera. Za dalji rad se predlaže pedigre selekcija i primena konvergentnog oplemenjivanja. Preporučuje se poboljšanje sorte Slavica ukrštanjem sa NS-L-251. U cilju stvaranja visokooleinske uljane repice predlaže se ukrštanje NS-L-7 sa sortama Zlatna i Kata.

This dissertation provides the analyses of yield and seed quality of 40 divergent winter rapeseed genotypes in four growing seasons. The following features were examined: yield (SY), oil (OY) and protein yield (PY), 1000 seed weight (TSW), oil (OC) and protein content (PC), content and composition of fatty acids (FA) and tocopherols. The effect of genotype, environment and their interaction on the analyzed traits was assessed. The environmental factors had most effect (44‒81% of overall variation) on variation of yield, yield components, and content of C16:0, C18:0 and C18:3. The main effect of the genotype was predominant (48‒82% of overall variation) for C18:1, C18:2 and C22:1, and α-tocopherol content. The heritability of OC and PC, TSW, all FA except C18:0, as well as α-tocopherols was high (>74%). Significant correlations were found for most of the analyzed traits. SY was in strong positive correlation with OY and PY, while OC and PC were in strong negative correlation. AMMI model was applied to examine the G × E interactions. Perspective stable rapeseed genotypes were identified, primarily in terms of SY, OY and OC. The line NS-L-251 stood out for its stability and high OC, while Nevena was the least stable. NS-L-136 and NS-L-32 had a high stable SY. According to the yield parameters, genotypes were separated into two clusters. Based on the FA composition, all genotypes were grouped into two clusters, with NS-L-102 being the only member of the second cluster due to significant deviations, primarily in the content of C18:1 and C22:1. For further work, pedigree selection and convergent breeding are proposed. It is recommended to improve Slavica by crossing it with NS-L-251. In order to create high‒oleic rapeseed, it is proposed to cross NS-L-7 with Zlatna and Kata.