Uticaj efektivnih mikroorganizama na visinu prinosa zrna kukuruza i biogenost zemljišta

Abstract

U održivoj poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji unošenjem velikih grupa benefitnih mikroorganizama u agroekosistem mogu da se ispune ciljeva IFOAM-a. Mikrobiološki preparati mogu da se primene kao osnovno ili dopunsko đubrenje u ishrani biljaka. Primenom preparat sa efektivnim mikroorganizama u zemljište i folijarno preko lista biljaka postižu se stabilni prinosi kukuruza uz očuvanje biogenosti zemljišta. Ogled je izveden 2016. godine na zemljištu tipa černozem K.O. Srbobran. Tretmani su povećali masu 1000 zrna kukuruza hibrida Pioneer 0412, (p<0,05), dok je prinos zrna bio povećan na nivou p<0,01 u odnosu na kontrolu. Osnovni parametri biogenosti su takođe bili povećani. Ukupan broj bakterija u zavisnosti od načina primene efektivnih mikroorganoizama bio je povećan od 23,08-84,90%, a broj azotobaktera od 45,21-69,25%. Ispitivane osobine imale su najveće vrednosti u tretmanu kada se preparat uneo predsetveno u zemljište i primenio folijarno dva puta u vegetaciji.

In sustainable agricultural production, by introducing large groups of beneficial microorganisms into the agroecosystem, the objectives of the IFOAM can be fulfilled. Microbiological preparations can be used as basic or supplementary fertilization in plant nutrition. Also, some groups of microorganisms have shown significant effects in the protection of plants against diseases and pests. By using a preparation with effective microorganisms in the soil and foliar through the plant leaf, stable yields of corn are achieved while preserving the biogenicity of the soil. The sighting was carried out in 2016 on the soil of the type chernozem in Srbobran. The treatments increased the weight of 1000 grain maize, Pioneer 0412 hybrid, (p <0.05), while grain yield was increased at p <0.01 as compared to control. Basic parameters of soil biogenicity: the total number of bacteria was increased by 39.96%, and the oxidation processes in the soil were more intensive by 71.05%. The investigated traits had the highest values in the treatment when the preparation was introduced early in the soil and applied foliar twice in the vegetation.