Nepeta cataria – cultivation, chemical composition and biological activity

Abstract

Nepeta cataria, also known as catnip or catmint, is the most widespread and intensively studied species. The name catmint is derived from the strong attraction most cats have towards this species. Because of this, it is often used in pet toy industry as a safe attractant for cats. The main compounds responsible for this reaction in cats are nepetalactones. However, N. cataria var. citriodora or lemon catnip, an aromatic herb with a lemony-mint flavor, resembles true catnip, but is not attractive to cats. This variety is a good source for industrial production of citral and an attractive raw material for food industry and cooking; it is used as a dry spicy mixture for dessert dishes, in manufacturing of cheese, sausages, alcoholic beverages (liqueurs and vermouth) and soft drinks, vegetable and fruit canned food. N. cataria is cultivated for ornamental purposes, and because of the long flowering duration and large production of pollen and nectar it is very suitable for beekeeping. According to scientific reports, N. cataria possess antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activities, as well as sedative, antidepressant, spasmolytic, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Experiments show that this plant influences sexual activity, and expresses anticancer properties. Antimicrobial activity against a number of bacteria is also noted, as well as repellent and insecticidal properties. Nematodidal and allelopathic effects are also noted.