Grain chemical composition of barley and wheat cultivars for animal feed

Abstract

Together with corn and rice, barley and wheat are the most important cereal crops. Majority of the worldwide barley production is used in animal nutrition, mostly in pig and poultry diets. Wheat is major energy source primarily grown for food production but depending on the relative market prices of the major feed grains wheat could be highly included in animal diets particularly as corn replacement. Chemical characteristics and nutritional quality of barley and wheat greatly differs and depend of grain cultivar, geographical location and growing conditions. For the accurate formulation of animal diets knowledge on accurate chemical composition of the ingredients is mandatory. In this study chemical composition of five cultivars of winter barley (NS Litos, NS Maestral, Nonius, Novosadski 565 and NS Talos) and four winter wheat cultivars (NS Ilina, NS 40S, NS Mila and NS Obala) was determined. All analyzed cultivars of barley and wheat were grown at four different locations in northern Serbia (Bačka Topola, Kikinda, Senta and Subotica) and harvested in 2018 year. The chemical evaluation of barley and wheat samples included determination of moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and crude fiber content. Test weight of all varieties is also determined.

Pšenica i ječam zajedno sa kukuruzom i pirinčem su najznačajnija žita. Većina svestke proizvodnje ječma koristi se za ishranu životinja, uglavnom svinja i živine. Pšenica je osnovni izvor energija koji se prvenstvena uzgaja za ishranu ljudi, ali u zavisnosti od variranja cena na tržištu najvažnijih žita koja se koriste za ishranu životinja pšenica u visokom procentu može biti korišćena i u ishrani životinja, pogotovo kao zamena za kukuruz. Hemijski sastav i nutritivna vrednost ječma i pšenice veoma se razlikuje i zavisi od sorte, geografske lokacije i uslova gajenja. Za tačnu formulaciju ishrane životinja neophodno je znanje o tačnom hemijskom sastavu svih osnovnih jedinjenja polazne sirovine. U ovom istraživanju je ispitan hemijski sastav pet sorti ozimog ječma (NS Litos, NS Maestral, Nonius, Novosadski 565 and NS Talos) i četiri sorte ozime pšenice (NS Ilina, NS 40S, NS Mila and NS Obala). Svi analizirani uzorci ječma i pšenice su proizvedeni na četiri različita lokaliteta u severnoj Srbiji (Bačka Topola, Kikinda, Senta and Subotica) – žetva 2018 godine. Od hemijskih parametara je određen sadržaj vlage, proteina, masti, pepela, i vlakana. Takođe je određena i zapreminska masa svih uzoraka.