Influence of maize kernel state and type on life history of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different mechanical states (whole, broken and ground kernels) and types (dent, semi-flint and flint) of maize kernels on life history parameters of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), the Indian meal moth. These parameters included larval development and its dynamics, adult emergence, mean development duration (MDD) and fecundity. Since the larvae are the developmental stage that causes the most damage on maize, additional data on larval development helps identify conditions that promote development. The results of our study indicate that broken maize kernels are the most suitable for P. interpunctella development, where the most successful larval development, the highest number of emerged adults, the shortest MDD and the highest total fecundity were recorded. On the contrary, whole kernels were the least suitable and the most resistant to infestation by P. interpunctella. The type of kernel also significantly affects P. interpunctella developmental parameters. Females reared on flint kernels (the hardest kernel type tested in our study) laid the largest total number of eggs, which implies that kernel hardness, i.e. the type of kernel should be an important parameter when choosing maize hybrids for cultivation and for storage. Our study warrants further investigation of maize types and their susceptibility to P. interpunctella.