Effects of nitrogen rates and sowing densities on yield of spring oats

Abstract

Due to its dietary properties and biologically highly valuable nutritive substances contained in the grain, oats are useful and important in human nutrition and as livestock feed. In comparison with all other small grains except rye, oats have low soil requirements. Although oats can be grown on poorly fertile soils, this crop performs much better on fertile soils. Effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and different sowing densities on yield performance of three spring oat cultivars (Novosadski golozrni, NS JO 0901 and Slavuj) have been studied at the experiment field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The applied N rates were 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha-1, the sowing densities were 350, 450, 550 and 650 viable seeds/m2. Nitrogen was applied after oat emergence. The two-year average yield of oat grain was 4.11 t ha-1. Grain yield of oats was positively correlated with nitrogen rate applied. Since there was no statistically significant difference in grain yields obtained with 60 and 90 kg N ha-1, 60 kg N can be recommended for the agroecological conditions of Vojvodina. The cultivar NS JO 0901 achieved the highest yield (4.97 t ha-1). On average for all cultivars, the sowing density of 550 viable seeds/m2 provided highest yields. In relation to the hulled forms, the hulless form yielded less by 1.92 t ha-1 on average.

Zbog svojih dijetetskih osobina i biološki visoko vrednih hranljivih materija sadržanih u zrnu, ovas je značajan kako u ljudskoj, tako i u ishrani stoke. Zahtevi ovsa u odnosu na mineralnu ishranu i zemljište u poređenju sa ostalim žitima, izuzev raži, su relativno mali, međutim veće prinose zrna ipak ostvaruje na plodnijim zemljištima i uz adekvatno đubrenje. Istraživanje efekata đubrenja različitim količinama azota i gustina setve na prinos tri sorte jarog ovsa (Novosadski golozrni, NS JO 0901 i Slavuj) izvedeno je na oglednom polju Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Primenjene su doze azota od 0, 30, 60 i 90 kg ha-1, pri gustinama setve od 350, 450, 550 i 650 klijavih zrna/m2. Azot je primenjen posle nicanja ovsa. U ispitivanom dvogodišnjem periodu (2004 i 2005. god.) ostvaren je prosečan prinos zrna od 4,11 t ha-1. Prinos je bio u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa primenjenim količinama azota. Pošto nije postojala statistički značajna razlika u prinosu zrna između 60 i 90 kg N ha-1, za agroekološke uslove Vojvodine može se preporučiti primena 60 kg azota. Sorta NS JO 0901 je ostvarila najviši prinos (4,97 t ha-1). U proseku za sve sorte, najviši prinos je dobijen pri gustini setve od 550 klijavih zrna/m2. U odnosu na plevičaste, golozrna forma je u proseku dala niži prinos za oko 1,92 t ha-1.