Rđe pšenice - prošlost, sadašnjost i budućnost

Abstract

Tokom istorije rđe su periodično bile pretnja proizvodnji ratarskih kultura. Ekonomski najznačajnije su rđe koje se javljaju na pšenici: lisna, žuta i stabljična rđa. Odnos pšenica-rđe tokom XX veka je pretrpeo značajne promene, počevši od epidemija stabljične rđe početkom ovog veka, zatim uspostavljanja sistema kontrole datih patogena kroz značajne istraživačke programe, pa do ponovne pojave epidemije stabljične, ali i žute rđe na kraju XX veka. Na našim prostorima značajna epidemija lisne rđe utvrđena je 1994. godine, dok su 2014. godine veliki gubici u prinosu pšenice uzrokovani jačom pojavom žute rđe. Višegodišnja ispitivanja na oglednim poljima na Rimskim Šančevima ukazala su na statistički značajan uticaj sredine/godine i sorte na visinu indeksa oboljenja rđa pšenice.

Historically, rusts have periodically been a threat to cereal production. The most economically important rusts occur on wheat, such as: leaf rust, yellow or stripe rust and stem rust. During the twentieth century the wheat-rust interaction has suffered significant changes, starting with the epidemics of stem rust at the beginning of this century, then establishing a system of control of given pathogens through major research programs, to the recurrence of epidemics of stem, as well as yellow rust at the end of the twentieth century. In our country a significant epidemic of leaf rust was reported in 1994, while in 2014 great yield losses in wheat were caused due to the large outbreak of yellow rust. Multi-year trials that were conducted on the experimental fields of Rimski Šančevi indicated significant effect of environment/year, and the variety on disease index of wheat rusts.