Diseases of sunflower seeds

Abstract

The large number of various species of fungi has been isolated from the sunflower seed samples. The most important pathogens found on the sunflower are: Plasmopara helianthi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea and Phoma macdonaldii. The majority of these pathogens are transmitted through the seed. Presence of Phomopsis helianthi in the sunflower seed does not represent threat in the epidemiology of the transmission of pathogens in the nature. The saprophit species as Aspergillus and Penicillium are the potential carieres of mycotoxins. Control of isolated pathogenic and saprophit fungi includes preventive measurements such as the treatment of the seed by fungicides like metalaxyl, benomil and tiram.

Poznavanje mikopopulacije semena suncokreta je važan činilac u proizvodnji ove gajene biljke. Paraziti semena smanjuju njegovu nutritivnu vrednost, a ulje iz zaraženog semena je nepovoljnih prehrambenih karakteristika i organoleptičkih svojstava. Zbog toga se testira kompletan selekcioni materijal, seme, kao i stvoreni hibridi, na pojavu parazitnih, odnosno saprofitnih mikroorganizama (gljiva i bakterija).