Heavy metals in vineyard soils of Vojvodina province

Abstract

The study presented in this paper deals with heavy metals content in vineyard soils from 44 individual producers' lots from Vojvodina province, as well as detailed analyses of heavy metals content in vineyards from 3 sites (Sremski Karlovci, Banoštor and Vršac) in comparison with the control sample. Vojvodinian vineyard soils are generally not contaminated with heavy metals, with the exception of copper due to long-term intensive application of copper-based fungicide. In soil of 44 small vineyards, local contamination with Cr and Zn was found on one locality each, and geochemical origin Ni content higher than MAC in 9 samples from Fruška gora. Based on the second part of this study, content of all heavy metals, excluding Cu, was below MAC. However, in comparison to control sample, the content of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb was higher in vineyard soils at due to antropogenic influence and application of agro-chemicals. The highest concentration of Cu 336 mg kg-1 was noted in Petrovaradin in surface layer of soil, which is three times the value of MAC (100 mg kg-1). Out of total 226 analysed samples from all depths, 44 samples exceeded MAC value. It is especially unfavourable that 23 % of all analysed vineyard soils surface layers are in critical concentration zone (>60 mg kg-1) and 33 % exceed MAC, which shows that more than half of analysed Vojvodina vineyards are in need of monitoring, risk assessment and reduction of copper-based chemicals application.

U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati ispitivanja sadržaja teških metala u zemljištima vinograda individualnih proizvođača sa 44 parcele širom Vojvodine i detaljnija ispitivanja sadržaja teških metala u vinogradima na tri lokaliteta (Sr. Karlovci, Banoštor i Vršac) u poređenju sa kontrolom. Generalno gledano, zemljišta vinograda Vojvodine nisu opterećena teškim metalima osim bakrom, što je posledica dugotrajne i intenzivne primene fungicida na bazi bakra. U zemljištu 44 vinograda malih površina postoje lokalna zagađenja Cr i Zn na po jednom lokalitetu, dok je sadržaj Ni koji premašuje MDK u 9 uzoraka sa Fruške gore geohemijskog porekla. Na osnovu drugog dela istraživanja, sadržaj svih teških metala osim Cu je ispod MDK, međutim u poređenju sa kontrolom sadržaj As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni i Pb je veći u zemljištu vinograda usled antropogenog uticaja primenom agrohemikalija. Najveća koncentracija Cu od 336 mg kg-1 zabeležena je u Petrovaradinu u površinskom sloju zemljišta, što je vrednost tri puta veća od MDK (100 mg kg-1). Od ukupno analiziranih 226 uzoraka po svim dubinama, 44 uzorka premašuje MDK. Posebno je nepovoljno što u površinskom sloju zemljišta svih ispitivanih vinograda 23 % spada u zonu kritične koncentracije (>60 mg kg-1) a 33 % premašuje MDK, što pokazuje da je na više od polovine ispitivanih vinograda u Vojvodini potrebno sprovesti monitoring, procenu rizika i redukciju primene bakarnih preparata.