The influence of soil compaction on changes in soil and sunflower yield

Abstract

This paper shows the results of analysis of soil compaction influence on sunflower yield on headland and inner part of a field, and chemical changes in soil. Soil compaction after sprouting was 67.70% greater on headland than in the inner part, while before harvesting, there was an increase of 13.44% in soil compaction. Large number of passages, which caused intensified soil compaction on headlands, poor conditions for the root system development, and poor microbiological activities led to yield reduction, which was 8.98% in total mass and 9.13% in dry grain mass. Chemical analysis of soil on headland and in the inner part of a field showed almost the same humus, nitrogen and other microelements concentration on headlands and in the inner part of a field. The total number of microorganisms is larger in the inner part of the field, while the number of actinomycetes is larger on headland. There are no significant differences in numbers of nitric bacteria and fungus.

U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja uticaja sabijanja zemljišta na uvratinama i unutrašnjem delu parcele na prinos suncokreta, hemijske i biološke promene u zemljištu. Sabijenost zemljišta na uvratinama posle setve bila je za 67,70% veća u odnosu na unutrašnji deo, dok je povećanje sabijenosti zemljišta na uvratini pre ubiranja iznosilo 13,44%. Veliki broj prelaza doveo je do intenzivnijeg sabijanja zemljišta na uvratinama, uslovljavajući nepovoljne uslove za razvoj korenovog sistema i slabije mikrobiološke aktivnosti, radi čega smanjenje biološkog prinosa iznosi 8,98%, a mase suvog zrna 9,13%. Hemijska analiza sastava zemljišta na uvratini i unutrašnjem delu parcele pokazala je da je sadržaj humusa na uvratinama i u unutrašnjem delu pacele skoro isti, kao i sadržaj azota i ostalih makrohraniva. Ukupan broj mikrooganizama je veći u centralnom delu parcele, dok je broj aktinomiceta veći na uvratinama. Značajnije razlike u broju azotobaktera i broj gljivica ne postoje.