Seed quality of field pea depending on genotype and mechanical damages during harvest

Abstract

In order to determine the influence of genotype and mechanical damage during harvest on field pea seed quality, an examination has been carried out at the Experiment Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops and in the National Laboratory for Seed Testing. There were determined germination energy, germination, abnormal seedlings portion and 1000-seed weight in three field pea genotypes (NS-Junior, Jezero and Javor) in four harvest treatments (harvest by hand and mechanical harvest with 500, 650 and 800 o/min). The trial was established as a modified block system, with a randomized plot design and three replicates. Harvest has been carried out in the stage of physiological maturity, with a seed moisture of 13-14 %. After the harvest, seed was processed with a lab selector. Seed quality was tested by standard methods, according to the Guidelines on the seed quality of agricultural plants (Official Gazette of SFRY, No. 47/87) and ISTA Rules (1999), with a sample size of 1000 g. There were determined the following seed quality parameters: germination energy, germination, abnormal seedlings and 1000-seed weight. The lowest germination energy (79.82 %) and germination (84.94 %) were in the genotype with the largest seed size, Javor. This genotype had the largest portion of abnormal seedlings (11.39 %). Testa cracking before harvest was most prominent in the genotype Javor, that in harvest by hand had the lowest germination energy and germination (84.67 % and 89.67 %), as well as the largest abnormal seedlings portion (8.25 %). Testa cracking during seed filling and mechanical damage of testa in harvest were more prominent in teh genotypes with larger seeds. By this reason their seed has lower germination in comparison to the genotypes with smaller seeds. This is confirmed by a high significant negative correlation between germination and 1000-seed weight, r= -0.440**.

Ipitivan je uticaj genotipa i mehaničkih oštećenja tokom žetve na najznačajnije parametre kvaliteta semena stočnog graška. Utvrđena je energija klijanja, klijavost, udeo atipičnih biljaka i masa 1000 semena kod tri genotipa graška (NS Junior, Jezero i Javor) pri četiri tretmana žetve (ručna žetva, mehanizovana žetva pri 500, 650 i 800o/ min). Najnižu energiju klijanja (79,82%) i klijavost (84,94%) i najveći udeo atipičnih ponika (11,39%) imao je genotip sa najkrupnijim zrnom, Javor. Takođe, pucanje semenjače pre žetve najizraženije je kod Javora, koji je na tretmanu ručne žetve imao najnižu energiju klijanja i klijavost (84,67% i 89,67%) i najveći udeo atipičnih ponika (8,25%). Utvrđena je visoko signifikantna negativna korelacija između klijavosti semena i mase 1000 semena (r= - 044**).