Irrigation scheduling of onion (Allium cepa L) in agroecological conditions of vojvodina

Abstract

The experiment with effects of different pre-irrigation soil moisture on onion bulb yield, produced from seed, was established at field conditions at the Rimski Sancevi Experiment Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The experiment was conducted in 2005-2006 under sprinkler irrigation conditions on a calcareous chernozem on loess terrace. The experiment included irrigation variants with pre-irrigation soil moisture of 60%, 70% and 80% of FWC (field water capacity), and non-irrigated check control. Two varieties of onion, Alek and Kupusinski jabucar were tested. Onion bulb yield of irrigated variants were statistically higher than those in the non-irrigated control (18.2781 ha-1). The higest bulb yield, in average was obtained in the variant with pre-irrigation soil moisture of 60% of FWC (37.5 t ha-1), statistically different compared with yield obtained with pre-irrigation soil moisture of 70% of FWC (33.91 ha-1), but statistically higher then the yield of pre-irrigation soil moisture of 80% of FWC (32.8 t ha-1). There were no significant differences between two tested varieties. Obtained yield (32.0 t ha-1) in wormer 2006 was statistically different than the yield obtained in rainy and slightly colder 2005 (29.3 t ha-1).

Eksperimentalna istraživanja uticaja različite predzalivne vlažnosti zemljišta na prinos lukovica crnog luka proizvedenog direktnom setvom u cilju utvrđivanja tehničkog minimuma vlažnosti za ovu biljnu vrstu izvedena su na RJ Ogledno polje Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo na Rimskim Šančevima na zemljištu tipa karbonatni černozem lesne terase. U ogledu su bile zastupljene varijante navodnjavanja kišenjem sa pred za livnom vlažnošću zemljišta 60%, 70% i 80% od PVK (poljskog vodnog kapaciteta) i nenavodnjavana, kontrolna varijanta. Ispitivane su dve sorte crnog luka, Alek i Kupusinski jabučar. Ostvareni su statistički visoko signifikantno veći prinosi crnog luka na svim varijantama navodnjavanja u odnosu na uslove prirodne obezbeđenosti biljaka vodom. Najveći prinosi crnog luka, u proseku (37,53 t ha-1), postignuti su na varijanti navodnjavanja sa predzalivnom vlažnošću zemljišta 60% od poljskog vodnog kapaciteta (PVK), statistički signifikantno veći u odnosu na varijantu sa predzalivnom vlažnošću zemljišta 70% od PVK (33,93 t ha-1), odnosno visoko signifikantno veći u odnosu na varijantu 80% od PVK (32,87 t ha-1). Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u prinosu između ispitivanih sorti. U toplijoj, 2006. godini, sa manje padavina ostva reni su signifikantno veći prinosi (32,0 t ha-1) u odnosu na kišnu i nešto hladniju 2005. godinu (29,3 t ha-1).