Assessing the environmental and energy aspects of fertilizer application in sustainable agriculture

Abstract

The adoption of advanced agricultural practices in Serbia represents a significant leap towards sustainability in the sector. Through precision nitrogen fertilization and reduced tillage, a notable 32% enhancement in energy efficiency within cropping systems is feasible, reducing energy consumption per unit of food produced from 5 GJ to 3.4 GJ per hectare, alongside a tangible decrease in greenhouse gas emissions, thus bolstering efforts to combat climate change. Embracing these integrated techniques in Serbia and beyond holds promise in addressing the imperative to augment agricultural productivity while safeguarding ecological balance, amid projections of global mineral fertilizer consumption reaching 200 million tons by 2025. Advocating for the adoption of organic fertilizers in tandem with precision agriculture technologies offers further potential for mitigating adverse environmental impacts, bolstering soil health, biodiversity, and optimizing resource allocation. Moreover, these practices can lead to significant economic efficiency gains, reducing production costs and increasing overall profitability in agricultural operations. Additionally, investing in sustainable agriculture can create new job opportunities and stimulate economic growth in rural areas. Energy efficiency emerges as a cornerstone in modern agriculture, with the transition to integrated and low-intensity farming systems poised to slash energy usage by over 60%, making a significant contribution to overall energy conservation. Achieving these objectives necessitates a thorough assessment of existing agricultural practices in Serbia, alongside collaborative efforts from governmental bodies, agricultural experts, and farmers, underpinned by adequate funding and training. With the right approach and support, Serbia has the potential to emerge as a regional leader in sustainable agriculture, charting a path towards a productive, environmentally conscious, and economically resilient future.