Genetic properties of wheat androgenesis

Abstract

Genetic aspects of androgenic responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were studied. Anthers were isolated from 20 F1 wheat hybrids and their 24 parental genotypes. The number of responding anthers, regeneration ability and proportion of green to albino regenerants were recorded. Significant differences were found among genotypes with respect to studied properties. Average values for all properties were significantly higher in the F1 hybrids than in the parents except for regeneration ability. Dominant and heterosis genetic effects were detected for all properties. On average for all genotypes, 4.7% of the anthers were responsive. Of the genotypes studied, 34.1% had a sufficient number of responding anthers (≥ 5%) for the successful application in breeding programmes. Although regeneration ability was relatively low (2.3%), 37.4% green plants were obtained. It was observed that about 70% of the genotypes produced two or more green plants per 100 anthers, which can be considered a sufficient number for the use in breeding.

U radu je proučavan genetički aspekt androgeneze genotipova ozime pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.). Dvadeset F1 hibrida i njihovih 24 roditelja je korišćeno kao materijal. Ispitan je androgeni kapacitet, regeneraciona sposobnost i proporcija zelenih u odnosu na albino biljke. U pogledu svih ispitivanih svojstava utvrđene su značajne razlike između genotipova. F1 hibridi su imali znatno bolju androgenu sposobnost i sposobnost za regeneraciju zelenih biljaka od njihovih roditelja. Utvrđeno je da se ispitivana svojstva nasleđuju uglavnom dominantno i superdominantno. Prosečna vrednost androgenog kapaciteta svih genotipova iznosila je 4,7%. Od svih ispitivanih genotipova, 34,1% genotipova imalo je dovoljan procenat androgenih antera (5% i više) za uspešnu primenu u oplemenjivačkim programima. Iako je regeneraciona sposobnost bila je relativno niska (2,3%), dobijeno je 37,4% zelenih biljaka. Zapaženo je da je oko 70% ispitivanih genotipova dalo dve ili više zelenih biljaka na 100 izolovanih antera, što omogućava njihovo korišćenje u daljem oplemenjivanju pšenice.