Microbial properties of the soil under vegetables at Bačko Gradište

Abstract

Modern systems of vegetable production combine yield stability and quality with effective protection of the environment. Since microorganisms are the biological component of soil, their population size biodiversity reflects the level of biological activity of soil, i.e., they may serve as useful indicators for soil characterization. Dominance of certain groups of microorganisms affects the processes of soil synthesis and decomposition and it determines the quality of soil and its applicability for the production of safe food. Analyses conducted as several sites in the location of Bačko Gradište (BAG Food Processing Company) have shown that the microbiological activity of the soils was high. The total numbers of bacteria and ammonifiers ranged up to x108, of Azotobacter up to x103, free N-fixing bacteria up to x106, of fungi up to x104, and of actinomycetes up to x1085. To achieve an optimum level of vegetable production, simultaneously enforcing the values of the natural ecosystem, it is necessary to monitor microorganism status in the soil and work on the development of effective microbial strains.

Na osnovu zastupljenosti pojedinih grupa mikroorganizama, enzimatske aktivnosti i biodiverziteta kao pokazatelja biogenosti, može se proceniti plodnost i zdravstveno stanje zemljišta. Dominantnost pojedinih grupa mikroorganizama usmerava procese sinteze, razgradnje i određuje kvalitet zemljišta za proizvodnju zdravstveno ispravne hrane. Termin zdravo zemljište je ekološka oznaka kojom se naglašava kvalitet, a ne samo količina prinosa u proizvodnji ratarskih i povrtarskih biljaka. Na osnovu rezultata ispitivanih lokaliteta Bačko Gradište, ("BAG"), može se zaključiti da je mikrobiološka aktivnost zemljišta visoka. Naime, zastupljenost ukupnog broja bakterija i amonifikatora kreće se čak do x108, Azotobacter-a do x103, oligonitrofila do x106, brojnost gljiva x104 a aktinomiceta do x105.