Low temperatures: The main reason for deterioration of winter small grains

Abstract

The 2002/2003 production saw a deterioration of the winter small grains crop which was caused, among other things, by the adverse effects of low temperatures and the level of resistance of barley, triticale and hard and common wheat.. Of the 87,245 ha of winter barley sown in Serbia, 25-30% suffered complete freezing and total damage. The greatest damage in the province of Vojvodina was recorded in the following locations: Subotica Bečej, Bačka Topola, Kikinda, Zrenjanin, Vršac and Pančevo. Extreme stress conditions overpowering the defense mechanisms genotypes develop in particular conditions lead to plant injury and yield losses. This past winter temperatures in some areas of the province were as low as -27 0C. The winter barley crops suffering damage were those grown on heavier soils with excess moisture, i.e. mostly those sown earlier in the season. Total wilting of small grains plants was caused by the augmentation/destruction of cells and tissues by small ice crystals, which formed by a sudden freezing of water in the plants but also on overly wet soils.

U proizvodnoj 2002/03.godini došlo je do propadanja ozimih strnih žita Uzroke propadanja i preoravanja useva treba tražiti, pre svega, u nepovoljnom uticaju niskih temperatura i stepenu otpornosti ječma, tritikalea i tvrde i obične pšenice. Od 87.245 ha ozimog ječma, zasejanog u Srbiji, potpuno je izmrzlo ili oštećeno 25-30%. Najveće štete registrovane su na području Vojvodine u lokalitetima Subotice, Bečeja, Bačke Topole, Kikinde, Zrenjanina Vršca i Pančeva. Ekstremni uslovi stresa, koji su intenzivniji od odbrambenog mehanizma koji neki genotip formira u određenim uslovima, dovode do oštećenja i smanjenja prinosa.