Drought: Limiting factor in soybean production; the effect of irrigation on yield of soybean: Glycine max

Abstract

Stress caused by the drought is the most serious limiting factor in soybean production. Abiotic stress in soybeans cause: water deficit and nutrition and high temperature. The effects of adverse climatic factors, temperature extremes and deficit of precipitation on crop production can be reduced by selecting tolerant varieties, early planting and proper production technology. In the experimental study, the soybean grain yield and protein yield and oil cultivars Galina were examined, in an organic cropping system, the natural water regime and irrigation conditions. Average yields of soybeans ranged from 3,560 kg ha-1 (natural water regime) up to 4502 kg ha-1 (irrigation). In irrigated conditions, grain yield and protein yield was significantly higher than in the variant without irrigation. Research shows that the average increase in grain yield (26.46%) and protein yield (26.18%) in the variant with irrigation were achieved. Oil yield was higher in varieties with irrigation compared to natural water regime but the difference was not significant. Irrigation is desirable effective measure in soybean production in drought years and is a prerequisite for economically profitable soybean production.

Stres izazvan sušom je najozbiljniji limitirajući faktor u proizvodnji soje. Abiotički stres kod soje izazivaju: deficit vode i ishrane i visoke temperature. Efekti nepovoljnih klimatskih faktora, temperatura i njenih ekstrema i deficit padavina, na biljnu proizvodnju mogu se ublažiti izborom tolerantnih sorti, ranijom setvom i pravilnom tehnologijom proizvodnje. U eksperimentalnim istraživanjima ispitivan je prinosi zrna soje i prinosi proteina i ulja, NS sorte Galina, u organskom sistemu gajenja, u prirodnom vodnom režimu i u uslovima navodnjavanja. Prosečni prinosi zrna soje varirali su od 3.560 kg ha-1 (prirodni vodni režim) do 4.502 kg ha-1 (u navodnjavanju). U uslovima navodnjavanja, prinos zrna i prinos proteina bio je signifikantno viši u odnosu na varijantu bez navodnjavanja. Istraživanja pokazuju da je ostvareno prosečno povećanje prinosa zrna od 26,46 % i prinosa proteina od 26,18 % u varijanti sa navodnjavanjem. Prinos ulja bio viši u varijanti sa navodnjavanjem u odnosu na prirodni vodni režim ali razlika nije bila signifikantna. Navodnjavanje je poželjna agrotehnička mera u proizvodnji soje u sušnoj godini i preduslov je za ekonomski isplativu proizvodnju soje.