Use of harvest residues and vacant housing facilities in mushroom production

Abstract

In last two decades, domestic growers were showing an increasing interest in the oyster mushroom. A study has been undertaken to determine factors that directly affect the yield performance and quality of the oyster mushroom. Yield performance is directly correlated with the genetic potential of mushroom strain, conditions for growing and the quality of substrate. The substrate is typically prepared from harvest residues of wheat, soybean, rice, bean, pea or cotton as well as from byproducts of corn, sugarcane or sunflower processing. Because of its low value, the substrate is usually discarded after use (Bugarski, 2000). Choice of substrate depends on agricultural production potentials of the country in which mushroom growing is organized. Regarding the facilities for mushroom growing, vacant old buildings are typically used for that purpose. The Netherlands seems to be an exception, where new facilities, equipped for microclimate control, are erected for mushroom growing.

Povećanje proizvodnje bukovače u poslednje dve decenije, uslovilo je ispitivanja faktora koji direktno utiču na kvalitet i visinu njenog prinosa. Osim genetskog potencijala soja prinos je u direktnoj korelaciji sa uslovima proizvodnje i kvalitetom supstrata. Za proizvodnju bukovače supstrat se priprema od ostataka biljne proizvodnje kao što su pšenična, sojina, pirinčana i dr. slame, pasuljevina, graškovina, stabljike pamuka, stabljike, kočanke i drugi otpadni delovi kukuruzne industrije, šećerna trska, suncokretove ljuspice i stabljika i dr. Ovaj materijal se obično ne koristi u daljoj proizvodnji, već se često spaljuje zbog njegove male vrednosti (Bugarski i sar., 2000). Izbor supstrata za gajenje bukovače je u zavisnosti od sirovinskih potencijala zemlje u kojoj se bukovača gaji, a i izbor objekata je sličan. Uglavnom su to stari korišteni objekti, sa izuzetkom Holandije, u kojima se mogu kontrolisati temperatura, vlaga i ventilacija, kao i difuzno osvetljenje u trajanju od 8 časova.