Development and utilization of sunflower genotypes with altered oil quality

Abstract

Sunflower oil is among the highest quality oils of plant origin. The oil of standard sunflowers has an average of 10% saturated fatty acids, 20-30% oleic acid and 60-70% linoleic acid. The total content of tocopherols in standard sunflower oil is 700-1000 mg/kg with the predominant being alpha-tocopherol (vitamin-E). Following the trends of the food and non-food industries sunflower breeders have been able to significantly change the fatty acid composition of the oil. The oil of high-oleic hybrids (more than 80% of oleic acid in sunflower oil) has excellent nutritional properties, as well as oxidative stability, and is a suitable raw material for many derivatives of the chemical industry and for the production of high quality biodiesel. In addition to creating high-oleic sunflower hybridis also possible to direct selection towards increasing or decreasing other fatty acids content (linoleic, palmitic and stearic). Achievements in sunflower breeding have allowed changes in the type and content of tocopherols in the oil.

Suncokretovo ulje spada među najkvalitetnija ulja biljnog porekla.Ulje standardnog suncokreta u proseku ima 10% zasićenih masnih kiselina, 20% oleinske kiseline i oko 60-70% linolne kiseline. Ukupan sadržaj tokoferola u ulju standardnog suncokreta je 700-1000 mg/kg, a preovladava alfa-tokoferol (vitamina E). Prateći zahteve prehrambene i drugih industrija oplemenjivači suncokreta uspeli su da bitnije izmene sastav masnih kiselina ulja. Ulje visokooleinskih hibrida suncokreta ima odlične nutritivne karakteristike, pogodna je sirovina za proizvodnju mnogih derivata hemijske industrije i za proizvodnju kvalitetnog biodizela. Pored stvaranja visokooleinskih hibrida suncokreta moguće je selekciju usmeriti i na povećanje ili smanjenje sadržaja drugih masnih kiselina (linolne, palmitinske i stearinske). Dostignuća u oplemenjivanju suncokreta omogućila su promenu tipa i sadržaja tokoferola u ulju.