Effect of cultivar and year on phyllochron in winter barley

Abstract

Development and growth of leaves in cereals significantly affects grain yield since dry matter accumulation depends on the leaf area that intercepts light. Phyllochron (PHY) is defined as time interval between the emergences of successive leaves on the main stem. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of year and cultivar on phyllochron in winter barley. Twelve cultivars of winter barley differing in origin and time of anthesis were tested during six growing seasons (GS), from 2002/03 to 2007/08. The highest PHY across GSs was determined in the two-rowed cultivar Cordoba (81.6°Cd) and the lowest in the two-rowed cultivar Novosadski 581 (71.0°Cd). The early cultivars had fast leaf development, the medium cultivars medium and the late cultivars slow development, 72.5°Cd, 75.6°Cd and 78.9°Cd, respectively. The tested cultivars showed significant variability in the PHY, which can be used for selecting most adaptable genotypes for specific growing conditions.

Razviće i rast listova žita značajno utiče na prinos zrna jer akumulacija suve materije zavisi od lisne površine koja apsorbuje sunčevu svetlost. Filohron se definiše kao vremenski interval između pojave sukcesivnih listova na glavnom stablu. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se odredi efekat godine i sorte na dužinu filohrona kod ozimog ječma. Dvanaest sorti ozimog ječma različitih po poreklu i vremenu do cvetanja testirano je tokom šest proizvodnih sezona, od 2002/03. do 2007/08. na lokalitetu 'Novi Sad'. Najduži filohron (81.6°Cd) imala je sorta dvoredog ječma 'Kordoba', a najkraći (71.0°Cd) sorta dvoredog ječma 'Novosadski 581'. Rane sote imale su najbrži, srednje rane, srednji i kasne sorte najsporiji porast listova. Kod ranih sorti prosečna vrednost filohrona iznosila je 72.5°Cd, srednje ranih 75.6°Cd i kasnih 78.9°Cd. Testirane sorte pokazale su značajnu varijabilnost u dužini filohrona, što može predstavljati osnovu u izboru najadaptabilnijih genotipova u određenim uslovima spoljne sredine.