Agronomic, nutritional and medicinal properties of quinoa, a new alternative grain

Abstract

The experiments were carried with two introduced quinao cultivars, KVL 37 and KVL 52, during the years 2010, 2011. and 2012., established at the experimental field in Stara Pazova. Three-year average yield of the grains of quinoa cultivars was 1322 kg ha-1, and expressed per cultivar ha-1 it accounted 1297 kg for KVL 37 and 1347 kg ha-1 for KVL 52. Highest variability of the yields per cultivar was observed in the first experimental year; cultivar KVL 52 achieved a higher yield by about 20%. In the second year, a higher yield of 7% gave cultivar KVL 37, while in the third experimental year, cultivar KVL 52 was again yielding about 2% more in comparison to the other one. Significantly greater variations in grain yield values were observed when comparing the experimental years. The lowest yield on the whole was recorded in the year 2012 (906 kg ha-1), while for a 51% it was greater in the year 2010. The highest yield was obtained in the second year (1693 kg ha-1), the value being higher than the one obtained in the first year by 9% and in the third year by 87%. Such large and significant variations were attributed to the unfavorable weather conditions during the growing period of quinoa plants. Analysis of chemical composition of quinoa grains revealed the greatest variations in the content of the total proteins. In grain of cultivar KVL 52 and KVL 37, the total protein values were 17.43%, and 15.23%, respectively. In addition, the cultivar KVL 52 proved to be richer in mineral salts, while the cultivar KVL 37 was for 2% richer in dietary carbohydrates.

Tokom 2010., 2011. i 2012. godine izvedeni su ogledi na oglednom polju u Staroj Pazovi sa introdukovanim genotipovima kvinoje (KVL 37 i KVL 52). Prosečan trogodišnji prinos zrna ovih genotipova iznosio je 1.322 kg ha-1, odnosno po sortama 1.297 kg ha-1 (KVL 37) i 1.347 kg ha-1 (KVL 52). Variranja u visini prinosa po sortama bila su najveća u prvoj godini. Sortom KVL 52 ostvaren je veći prinos zrna za oko 20%. U drugoj godini veći prinos za 7% dala je sorta KVL 37, a u trećoj je sorta KVL 52 bila prinosnija za oko 2%. Značajno veća variranja vrednosti prinosa zrna bila su po godinama istraživanja. Najmanji prinos u celini bio je u 2012. godini, od 906 kg ha-1, za 51% je bio veći u 2010. godini. Najveći prinos bio je u drugoj godini istraživanja, 1.693 kg ha-1. Ova vrednost veća je u odnosu na prvu za 9%, a u odnosu na treću godinu za 87%. Ovako velika i značajna variranja posledica su nepovoljnih vremenskih uslova tokom vegetacionog perioda kvinoje. Analiza hemijskog sastava zrna kvinoje pokazala je najveća variranja u sadržaju ukupnih proteina. U zrnu sorte KVL 52 bilo je 17,43% ukupnih proteina, a u sorte KVL 37 15,23%. Sorta KVL 52 bila je bogatija mineralnim solima, dok je u sorte KVL 37 bilo za 2% više prehrambenih ugljenih hidrata.