Microorganisms in rhizosphere: Role and importance in sustainable agriculture

Abstract

Rhizosphere is the zone around the plant root, including the root, the soil on the root and the surrounding soil that is influenced by the roots. Microorganisms that live in that complex habitat affect the health of plants and their yield. Knowledge of the composition and quantity of organic compounds that are released by roots provides insight into the chemical and biological processes that occur in the rhizosphere. Each plant species selects its own specific bacterial community from a reservoir of bacteria present in the soil or on the seed. Using natural resources in a sustainable microbial agricultural production is based on the multiplication of active species and strains of microorganisms in artificial conditions and returning in their natural environment - soil where these microorganisms intensify the appropriate processes, produce more plant nutrients, stimulate the growth of plants and protect them from pathogens and toxic substances. These microorganisms may partially or completely replace mineral fertilizers and pesticides.

Dat je pregled biologije rizosfere, definicija rizosfere, značaj korenskih izlučevina, interakcija mikroorganizama, njihova dinamika u rizosferi sa posebnim naglaskom na bakterije. Istaknut je značaj korisnih mikroorganizama za održivu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju primenom biofertilizatora i rizobakterija promotora biljnog rasta (PGPR). Mikroorganizmi koji žive u kompleksnom staništu - rizosferi utiču na zdravlje biljaka, njihov prinos i kvalitet. Proučavanje rizosfere vodi do mnogih korisnih interakcija. Neki metaboliti mikroorganizama kao što su antibiotici i toksini su osnovni faktori u determinaciji interakcija biljka-mikroorganizam. Mikrobni enzimi takođe igraju značajnu ulogu. Odnosi između korena biljaka i mikroorganizama predmet su interesovanja molekularnih biologa, mikrobiologa i biohemičara širom sveta.