@conference{
author = "Miklič, Vladimir and Dušanić, Nenad and Ostojić, Branislav and Radić, Velimir and Krstić, Miloš and Jokić, Goran and Butaš, Daliborka and Ovuka, Jelena and Balalić, Igor and Jocić, Siniša and Hladni, Nada and Marjanović-Jeromela, Ana and Cvejić, Sandra and Jocković, Milan and Ćuk, Nemanja and Miladinović, Dragana",
year = "2024",
abstract = "Sunflower is the third largest oil crop and in 2023 it was grown on over 28 million hectares in the world. With the discovery of the CMS source in 1969, sunflower hybrids began to be created. The first commercial hybrids based on CMS were registered in Romania, in 1974 and in Yugoslavia, in 1978. It is estimated that hybrids are grown on around 85% of the total sunflower planting area today, and the remaining 15% are still landrace varieties, mostly of the confectionery type. Therefore, the requirement for hybrid sunflower seeds in the world today is around 120 million kg (about 12 million bags of 150,000 grains). To reach to this amount, the sunflower will be with an average yield of 700 kg/ha of processed seeds, it is necessary to plant sunflower with area about 170,000 ha. The total commercial hybrid sunflower seed production is estimated at USD 2 billion today. The production of hybrid sunflower seeds today is exposed to many new challenges. Global climate change facilitate warming environmentally, thus make drought and stormy winds occurrence. By monitoring the daily dynamics of bee visits, we determined that the maximum number of visits occurs at air temperatures between 20 and 28℃, and air humidity of 40-50%. In recent years, the average temperature in Serbia has increased by nearly 2℃ compared to the multi-year average. This has a negative effect on the vitality of pollen and fertilization, as well as on the visit of bees, so the recommendations for supplying beehives have increased from 2 to 4/ha. Bees are the most important pollinators for sunflower and on average make up 71% of the total visit (in some years over 90%), the insects is mainly from the Syrfidae family (19% of visits), bumblebees (8%) and butterflies (2%), whose populations are constantly decreasing. Due to the increase in the sunflower planting area, it is increasingly difficult to ensure spatial isolation of insects, it decreases to 500 m in many countries, and this already leads to increased foreign fertilization and the spread of wild sunflowers, which is especially dangerous if they carry some of the genes for resistance to herbicides. In the last 20 years, many herbicides, insecticides and fungicides have lost their registration, especially in Europe. Seed treatment makes sunflower production especially difficult, as well as the international trade of seeds, because the situation differs among different countries. With the announced cancellation of the license for Reglone desiccant, the situation is further aggravated and higher costs can be expected (primarily due to drying), but also a significantly drop in yield and seed quality. The potential substitutes techniques we tried to create (Kabuki, carfentrazone, pelargonic acid, glyphosate...) did not have good results. Problems with high fluctuations in mercantile prices and the increased price of energy and fertilizers, with a lack of labor and especially with the war in Ukraine, leads the restrictions on seed trade in Russia, significantly affect the sunflower production, thus leading to an increasing risk on the price of sunflower seeds in the future.",
publisher = "International Sunflower Association (ISA)",
journal = "Proceedings, 21st International Sunflower Conference, 20-24 August 2024, Wuyuan, Inner Mongolia, China",
title = "Production of sunflower seed under new climate conditions",
pages = "27-27",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_fiver_4850"
}
