Viability of soybean seed produced under different agro-meteorological conditions in Vojvodina

Abstract

At the time of soybean seed sowing in the field, a high soil moisture, low soil and air temperatures, and crasts formation may occur, which can lead to slow germination, poor seedling establishment, and in some cases to loss of seed vigor. Due to the importance and prevalence of soybean the aim of this study was to determine the quality and seed viability of different genotypes produced at three locations in Vojvodina during 2009 and 2010. Eight soybean varieties (Afrodita, Valjevka, Balkan, Novosadjanka, Ravnica, Ana, Vojvodjanka and Venera) produced in Vrbas, Senta and Inđija during 2009 and 2010 were tested. Seed germination was determined using Standard laboratory test, and vigor tests (cold test, and accelerated aging test). Studied genotypes baheved differently in different years and at different localities. Genotype Venera achieved high germination values in all applied tests in 2009, while genotype Afrodita had high values of the tested parameter when conventional laboratory test was applied, and the lowest values were recorded when vigor tests were applied. Values obtained in 2010 when all tests were applied were above the prescribed minimum. Locality of Vrbas proved to be more favorable for seed production in relation to localities of Indjija and Senta due to better rainfall distribution.

U vreme setve soje, u polju, može da se javi visoka vlažnost zemljišta, niska temperatura zemljišta i vazduha i pokorica, što može da dovede do usporavanja nicanja, formiranja slabog ponika, a u nekim slučajevima do gubitka životne sposobnosti semena. Zbog značaja i rasprostranjenosti soje cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi kvalitet i životna sposobnost semena, različitih genotipova, proizvedenih na tri lokaliteta Vojvodine u toku 2009 i 2010. godine. Ispitivanja su izvršena na 8 sorata soje (Afrodita, Valjevka, Balkan, Novosadjanka, Ravnica, Ana, Vojvodjanka i Venera) proizvedenih u Vrbasu, Senti i Inđiji u 2009 i 2010. godini. Kod svih uzoraka utvrđena je klijavost semena primenom standardnog laboratorijskog metoda i vigor testova (hladni test i test ubrzanog starenja). Ispitivani genotipovi su se različito ponašali u pojedinim godinama i lokalitetima. Genotip Venera se izdvojio po visokim vrednostima klijavosti semena dobijenim u 2009. godini kod svih primenjenih testova, dok je genotip Afrodita imao visoke vrednosti ispitivanog parametra primenom standardnog laboratorijskog testa, a primenom vigor testova su konstatovane najniže vrednosti. U 2010. godini dobijene vrednosti, primenom svih testova, su bile iznad propisanog minimuma. Lokalitet Vrbas se pokazao kao povoljniji za semensku proizvodnju u odnosu na lokalitet Senta i Indjija, zbog boljeg rasporeda padavina.