Potato yield and yield structure depending on irrigation

Abstract

In the agroclimatic conditions of the Vojvodina Province, the application of an economic water regime and modern technology is necessary for stable and intensive potato production. A two-year experiment on calcareous chernozem was carried out to determine how irrigation and different pre-irrigation soil moisture affect potato yield and distribution of tuber fraction in the potato yield. The block-design trial had four replicates and was adapted for sprinkler irrigation conditions. It included four treatments: irrigation with pre-irrigation moisture levels of 60 % of field water capacity (FC), irrigation with pre-irrigation moisture levels of 70 % (FC), irrigation with pre-irrigation moisture levels of 80% (FC), and a non-irrigated control treatment. Irrigation significantly increased the yield of potato, which increased from 37.27 % to 75.86 %. Under irrigation, the percentage of small fractions decreased in favour of the 55 mm one, or fractions above the 45-55 mm range. On average, irrigated treatments produced significantly more tubers than the conditions of natural water supply.

U agroekološkim uslovima Vojvodine, navodnjavanje uz primenu racionalnog zalivnog režima i savremene tehnologije predstavlja neophodnost za intenzivnu i stabilnu proizvodnju krompira. U cilju određivanja uticaja navodnjavanja i različite predzalivne vlažnosti zemljišta na prinos krtola i njihovu distribuciju, izvedena su dvogodišnja eksperimentalna ispitivanja na zemljištu tipa černozem, varijanta karbonatni. Ogled je postavljen u četiri ponavljanja, po metodi blok sistema, prilagođenoj uslovima navodnjavanja kišenjem. Ogled se sastojao od sledećih varijanti: zalivanje pri predzalivnoj vlažnosti 60 % PVK, zalivanje pri predzalivnoj vlažnosti 70% PVK i zalivanje pri predzalivnoj vlažnosti 80% PVK. Kao kontrola poslužila je varijanta u kojoj krompir nije bio navodnjavan. Navodnjavanje je značajno uticalo na povećanje prinosa krompira od 37,27 % do 75,86 %. U uslovima navodnjavanja značajno se smanjuje procentualno učešće sitnih frakcija na svim tretmanima navodnjavanja u korist frakcija krupnoće 55 mm, odnosno krupnoće iznad 45 mm do 55 mm. U proseku, u uslovima navodnjavanja ostvaren je značajno veći broj krtola u odnosu na uslove prirodne obezbeđenosti vodom.