Significance of cytogenetic research in sunflower and rapeseed breeding

Abstract

Cytogenetic research of sunflower and rapeseed has a century long tradition. Chromosome number and morphology were studied at first in species from the Helianthus and Brassica genera, and than their cytotaxonomy and phylogenesis. Cytogenetic research facilitated gene transfer from wild into cultivated species, in vitro plant growing, understanding and usage of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), fertility restoration, etc. This paper describes various research aspects used in the cytogenetic laboratory of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, the results of which were used in sunflower and rapeseed breeding.

Citogenetska istraživanja suncokreta i uljane repice imaju tradiciju dugu čitav vek. Prvo su izučavani broj i morfologija hromozoma kod vrsta iz roda Helianthus i Brassica, a zatim citotaksonomija i filogeneza ovih rodova. Citogenetska istraživanja su bila primenjivana u transferu gena iz divljih u gajene vrste, u korišćenju metoda in vitro gajenja, u izučavanju fenomena citoplazmatske muške sterilnosti (CMS-a), restauracije fertilnosti i dr. U ovom radu su prikazani različiti aspekti istraživanja laboratorije za citogenetske analize Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, čiji su rezultati korišćeni u oplemenjivanju suncokreta i uljane repice.