Simulation of the hail damage on regeneration and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Abstract

The most common mechanical damage to soybean in the agroecological conditions of Serbia occurs after the appearance of hail, floods or due to damage from wild animals and insects. In recent years, extreme temperatures accompanied by drought have been increasingly recorded during the summer months, as well as the appearance of hail, which has become frequent during the growing season of spring crops. The aim of this work was to determine the consequences and the extent of yield reduction if hail occurs in the generative stages of soybean development. The occurrence of hail in the R1 (beginning bloom) and R3 (beginning pod) stages of development in the form of plant damage was simulated. This paper will present the results of how three soybean varieties reacted after simulated hail damage in two stages of generative development and what the effects were on yield, height, number of fertile nodes, as well as percentage of plant regeneration. The trial was set up in 2020 as a two-factorial experiment in three replications. Three soybean varieties were sown in late April. In order to simulate hail damage, the plants were cut to a height of 15 cm to ensure at least two nodes and enable the regeneration of the plants. The stage of development of soybean, i.e. the moment of hail damage, had a direct impact on the yield, the number of regenerated plants, as well as the number of fertile nodes.

Najčešća mehanička oštećenja na biljkama soje u agroekološkim uslovima Srbije nastaju nakon pojave grada, poplava ili zbog oštećenja od divljači i insekata. Poslednjih godina sve više su zabeležene ekstremne temperature praćene sušom u toku letnjih meseci, kao i pojava grada koja je postala česta u toku vegetacionog perioda jarih kultura. Cilj ovoga rada je da se utvrdi kakve su posledice i kolika mogu biti smanjenja prinosa ukoliko dođe do pojave grada u generativnim fazama razvoja soje, te je simulirana pojava grada u R1 (početak cvetanja) i R3 (početak stvaranja mahuna) fazi razvoja u vidu oštećenja biljaka. U ovom radu će biti prikazani rezultati kako su reagovale tri sorte soje nakon simuliranog oštećenja od grada u dve faze generativnog razvoja i kakav je uticaj na prinos, visinu, broj fertilnih nodija, kao i na procenat regeneracije biljaka. Ogled je postavljen 2020. godine kao dvofaktorijalni eksperiment u tri ponavljanja. Tri sorte soje su posejane u poslednjoj dekadi aprila. Za simulaciju oštećenja od grada, biljke su posečene na visinu od 15 cm, kako bi se obezbedila najmanje dva nodusa i omogućila regeneracija biljaka. Faza razvoja soje, odnosno momenat oštećenja od grada, ima direktan uticaj na prinos, broj regenerisanih biljaka, kao i broj fertilnih nodusa.