The effects of pre-sowing treatments with aqueous allelopathic plant extracts on the germination parameters of aged soybean seeds

Abstract

The aim of the paper was to examine the allelopathic influence of aqueous extracts of herbs and medicinal plants on the quality parameters of aged soybean seeds. The research was carried out at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on aged seeds of two soybean varieties, NS simba and NS viseris. The seeds were aged for 20 months. In order to determine the allelopathic effect, the seeds were primed in aqueous plant extracts: geranium (Geranium sinense), dill (Anethum graveolens), andy everlasting (Helichrysum arenarium), creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum), celery (Apium graveolens), oregano (Origanum vulgare), basil (Ocimum basilicum), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), peppermint (Mentha x piperita), sage (Salvia officinalis), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). The results show that it is not possible to talk about the universal application of a particular aqueous extract, because the effect of the allochemicals was significantly influenced by the variety. In the variety NS viseris, all aqueous extracts except Melissa officinalis, significantly reduced GE, GP, and VI. The most negative effect was achieved with the use of Apium graveolens, Thymus serpyllum, and Ocimum basilicum. Apium graveolens and Thymus serpyllum also had the greatest impact on quality reduction in the NS simba variety. However, in the NS simba variety, a significant increase in seed quality was achieved in addition to the reduction. The use of the aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis increased GE and GP by 13.7%, and VI by 10.21%. A positive effect was achieved with the use of Melissa officinalis. All aqueous extracts had a significant effect on T50 in both varieties, even the aqueous extracts that had a negative effect on GE and GP.

Cilj rada je bio da se ispita alelopatski uticaj ekstrakta začinskog i lekovitog bilja na kvalitet starog semena soje. Ispitivanje je obavljeno na Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, na starom semenu dve sorte soje NS Simba i NS Viseris. Seme je bilo staro 20 meseci. Radi utvrđivanja alelopatskog uticaja seme je potapano u biljne vodene ekstrakte: geranijuma (Geranium sinense), mirođije (Anethum graveolens), smilja (Helichrysum arenarium), majčine dušice (Thymus serpyllum), celera (Apium graveolens), origana (Origanum vulgare), bosiljka (Ocimum basilicum), matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis), ruzmarina (Rosmarinus officinalis), pelina (Artemisia absinthium), nane (Mentha x piperita), žalfije (Salvia officinalis), i lavande (Lavandula angustifolia). Rezultati su pokazali da se ne može govoriti o univerzalnoj primeni određenog ekstrakta, jer na efekat alelohemikalija značajan uticaj ima sorta. Kod sorte NS Viseris, svi ekstrakti, osim ekstrakta Melissa officinalis, značajno su smanjili GE, GP i VI. Najnegativniji efekat ostvaren je primenom Apium graveolens, Thymus serpyllum i Ocimum basilicum. Apium graveolens i Thymus serpyllum su najviše uticali na smanjenje kvaliteta i kod sorte NS Simba. Međutim, kod sorte NS Simba, pored smanjenja ostvareno je i značajno povećanje kvaliteta semena. Primenom ekstrakta Salvia officinalis, GE i GP su povećani za 13,7%, a VI je povećana za 10,21%. Dobar efekat je ostvaren i upotrebom Melissa officinalis. Svi ekstrakti, kod obe sorte, imali su značajan uticaj na brzinu klijanja, čak i ekstrakti koji su negativno delovali na GE i GP.