Environmental and economic challenges of plant production under the conditions of climate change

Abstract

Intensive plant production, necessary for the nutrition of mankind, is the main cause of degradation of agroecosystems and environmental pollution. The results of a huge number of scientific research unequivocally indicate that nitrogen originating from mineral fertilizers is the most significant factor affecting the biological productivity of agroecosystems. However, optimal and rational application of these fertilizers is necessary. In addition to the optimal application of fertilizers, the most significant factor that affects the height of plant yields includes the effect of environmental factors in a given agroecosystem. Climate change and extreme weather conditions, especially floods and droughts and their consequences, represent a challenge in the production of cultivated plants in recent decades. In this paper, the ecological and economic challenges of crop production in conditions of climate change are discussed.