U kojoj meri zakasnela žetva utiče na kvalitet semena soje?

Abstract

Žetva soje se obavlja pri nastupanju tehnološke zrelosti, a vlažnost u zrnu dostigne oko 13%. Različiti faktori mogu uticati da se žetva ne obavi u optimalnom roku, te se u praksi događa da se žetva obavlja i pri nižoj vlažnosti zrna od optimalne. U slučaju žetve sa nižom vlažnosti u zrnu (ispod 11%) dolazi do oštećenja semena, a ono je lošijeg kvaliteta. U kojoj meri zakasnela žetva utiče na prinos i kvalitet soje prikazan je u jednogodišnjem ogledu. Ogled je postavljen na lokalitetu Rimski šančevi sa tri sorte soje (NS Atlas (0 GZ), NS Apolo (I GZ) i Rubin (II GZ)), u tri ponavljanja. Žetva je obavljena kada je postignuto 13% vlažnosti zrna, a nakon toga je žetva pomerana za sedam, pa za četrnaest dana. Vlažnost semena nakon sedmog dana od optimalne vlažnosti je bila u rasponu od 8,5 do 10%, a nakon četrnaestog dana je bila ispod 8,5%.

Soybean is ready for harvesting when plants reach full maturity and the grain moisture is 13%. Various factors can influence harvest delay, and that the harvest is done at a lower than optimal grain moisture. Harvesting with lower moisture content (below 11%), cause seed damages and the seed has significantly poorer quality. The extent to which a delayed harvest affects the yield and quality was shown in a one-year experiment. The trial was set up at the Rimski šančevi site with three soybean varieties (NS Atlas (0 MG), NS Apolo (I MG) and Rubin (II MG)) in three replications. Harvest start at optimal seed moisture (13%) and after that, harvest was delayed for 7 and 14 days. After the seventh day the moisture was in the range of 8.5 to 10%, and after the fourteenth day was up to 8.5%.