Praćenje distribucije radionuklida 90Sr u poljoprivrednom zemljištu i biljnim kulturama metodom spektrometrije beta zračenja

Abstract

Zemljište predstavlja potencijalni izvor kontaminacije živog sveta, zbog čega je od izuzetnog značaja praćenje distribucije veštačke radioaktivnosti u njemu. Cilj ove disertacije je bio da proširi saznanja o kontaminaciji poljoprivrednog zemljišta i useva antropogenim radionuklidom 90Sr. Praćena je distribucija ovog radionuklida u zemljišnom profilu i usevima oglednih polja „Radmilovac” u Beogradu i „Rimski Šančevi” u Novom Sadu u periodu od 2013. do 2015. godine, metodom spektrometrije beta zračenja. Osim toga, određene su i koncentracije ukupnih stroncijuma i kalcijuma u zemljištu i usevima, zatim koncentracije anjona i katjona, kao i fizičko-hemijske karakteristike zemljišta oglednih polja. Primenom statističke analize koja je uključivala linearnu korelacionu analizu i jednofaktorsku analizu varijanse (ANOVA test), utvrđeno je postojanje značajnih razlika (nivo značajnosti: p < 0,001; 0,01 i 0,05) u specifičnim aktivnostima 90Sr u zemljištu i usevima, kao i karakteristikama zemljišta dva poljoprivredna sistema koja koriste različite tehnologije gajenja useva i režim đubrenja. Pored toga, rezultati statističke analize su dali uvid u glavne faktore koji utiču na migraciju 90Sr u zemljištu i biljnim kulturama, što doprinosi spoznaji o ponašanju ovog radionuklida u životnoj sredini i faktorima koji regulišu kompleksan proces njegovog ponašanja u agroekosistemu.

Soil represents a potential source of contamination of biota, which makes tracking of distribution of artificial radioactivity extremely important. The aim of this thesis was to expand the knowledge on the contamination of agricultural soil and crops by anthropogenic radionuclide 90Sr. Tracking of 90Sr radionuclide distribution in the soil profile, as well as crops at experimental fields ”Radmilovac” in Belgrade and ”Rimski Šančevi” in Novi Sad during the period 2013 - 2015 was conducted by beta radiation spectrometry method. In addition, the total concentrations of strontium and calcium in the soil and crop, followed by concentration of the anion and the cation, as well as the physical-chemical characteristics of soil of experimental fields were determined. The application of statistical analysis, which involved linear correlation analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the existence of significant differences (significance level: p <0.001, 0.01 and 0.05) between the specific activity of 90Sr in soil and crops, as well as between soil characteristics of two agricultural systems that use different crop production technologies and fertilization regimes. In addition, the results of statistical analysis provided insights into the main factors that affect the migration of 90Sr in soil and plants, which contributes to the knowledge of the behavior of this radionuclides in the environment and the factors that regulate the complex process of its behavior in agroecosystem.