Variation of harvest index of wheat and triticale in monocrops and intercrops system of cultivation

Abstract

The harvest index of grain can be used as indicator for the potential yield of crop. The aim of this study was to determine the variation of the harvest index for wheat and triticale and differences in monocrops and intercrops systems of cultivation under different field environmental conditions. The experiment, carried out in field conditions for two consecutive years, was designed according to a randomized block system so that each species was sown in two cultivation systems as a single crop and a combined crop (wheat + pea and triticale + pea) in four replicates. The results show that, in the first year of the experiment, the value of the harvest index varied from 32.5% (triticale + pea) to 39.3% (wheat monocrop), while in the second year of the research, the value of the harvest index varied from 26.4% (wheat + pea) and 28.1% (triticale + pea). As for the components of harvest index, values of weight of grains spike-1 and weight of total above ground biomass were higher in intercrops than in monocrops system of cultivation. It can be concluded that the intercropping of cereals (triticale and wheat) and forage crops (pea) provided positive effects on weight of grains spike-1 and weight of total above ground biomass and does not diminish harvest index when compared to standard system of cultivation.

Žetveni indeks zrna može se koristiti kao indikator potencijalnog prinosa useva. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrdi varijacija žetvenog indeksa pšenice i tritikale i razlike u pojedinačnom i združenom sistemu gajenja u različitim uslovima životne sredine na oglednom polju. Ogled je izveden u poljskim uslovima dve uzastopne godine, koji je koncipiran po randomizovanom blok sistemu tako da je svaka vrsta zasejana u dva sistema gajenja kao pojedinačni usev i združeni usev (pšenica + grašak i tritikale + grašak) sa četiri ponavljanja. Uzorci biljaka za analizu žetvenog indeksa su uzeti u završnom delu faze mlečnog nalivanja semena. Rezultati pokazuju da je u prvoj godini eksperimenta vrednost žetvenog indeksa varirala od 32,5% (tritikale + grašak) do 39,3% (monokultura pšenice), dok je u drugoj godini istraživanja vrednost žetvenog indeksa varirala od 26,4% (pšenica + grašak) do 28,1% (tritikale + grašak). Što se tiče komponenti žetvenog indeksa, vrednosti mase zrna po klasu i mase ukupne nadzemne biomase bile su veće u združenom sistemu nego u pojedinačnom sistemu gajenja. Može se zaključiti da je združeni usev žitarica (tritikale i pšenica) i krmnog bilja (grašak) dao pozitivne efekte na masu zrna po klasu i masu ukupne nadzemne biomase i ne umanjuje žetveni indeks u poređenju sa standardnim sistemom gajenja.