The effect of weather conditions in 2014 on moisture of soil planted with herbs, under organic and conventional alternative crops and production systems

Abstract

The effects of weather conditions (precipitation and average daily air temperatures) during the 2014 vegetation period on the moisture of soil planted with pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under organic and conventional production system were analyzed. The analyses were carried out at the experimental fields of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops from Novi Sad; Alternative Crops and Organic Production Department in Bački Petrovac. Except for May, the temperatures were higher than for the multi-year average, which contributed to the increased plant evapotranspiration. The frequent precipitation moderately satisfied plant water requirements during the vegetation period. Soil moisture in the rhizosphere zone was generally at sufficient level of water supply. However, in the mid June and during the July soil moisture was at the level which requires irrigation. In organic production, due to better plant development and higher water consumption, occasional lower humidity of the soil was registered, when irrigation would be desirable. Although the sum of precipitation was higher in 2014 compared to the multi-year average, the results confirmed the importance of proper distribution of precipitation in order to maintain normal plant growth and development.

Analiziran je uticaj vremenskih uslova, odnosno padavina i srednjih dnevnih temperatura vazduha, u vegetacionom periodu 2014. godine na vlažnost zemljišta pod mentom, nevenom i bosiljkom gajenih u_sistemu organske i konvencionalne proizvodnje. Ispitivanja su vršena na oglednim poljima Odeljenja za alternativne kulture i organsku proizvodnju u Bačkom Petrovcu. Osim majskih, temperature vazduha bile su više od prosečnih višegodišnjih vrednosti, što je uticalo na povećanu evapotranspiraciju biljaka. Učestale padavine delimično su podmirivale potrošnju biljaka u periodu vegetacije. Vlažnost zemljišta u zoni rizosfere bila je najčešće na nivou dobre obezbeđenosti vodom, mada je polovinom juna i tokom jula registrovana vlažnost zemljišta na tehničkom minimumu. U organskoj proizvodnji, zbog bolje razvijenosti biljaka i veće potrošnje vode, povremeno je registrovana niža vlažnost zemljiša, kada bi navodnjavanje bilo pozeljno. lako je suma padavina u vegetacionom periodu 2014. godine bila veća od višegodišnjeg proseka, ponovo je potvrđen značaj rasporeda padavina za normalan rast i razviće biljaka.