Possibilities of genetics, breeding and genetic engineering in creation of rhizomania resistant sugar beet genotypes and productivity of NS sugar beet hybrid varieties

Abstract

Increased yield of sugar beet depends on hybrids that are grown agroecological conditions and applied agrotechnic. Last years yield increasing depends only of genotype, in EC is 2% per year and is result of improved yield potential and disease resistance. This is great success for sugar beet genetics and breeding. Rhizomania is caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein (BNYW) which transferred by fungus Polymixa betae. Considering the yield reduction and changes in plant growth and development, rhizomania is economically the most important sugar beet disease. In the paper are described all known types of resistance-tolerance: Alba, Rizor and Holly type, and presented results of three year field trials on four locations. Four hybrid varieties were tested: Sara, Lara, Drena and Darija, accepted by Plant variety commission, Ministry of agriculture and water management Republic of Serbia and one experimental hybrid. There most important quantitative trais were tested and than compared with standard varieties. It could be observed that varieties did not significantly differ among themselves, which was to be expected since all four them are resistant to rhizomania.

Povećanje rodnosti kod šećerne repe u najvećoj meri zavisi od hibrida koji se gaji, klimatskih uslova i primenjene agrotehnike gajenja. U zadnjih nekoliko dekada povećanje prinosa koje se duguje isključivo genotipu, u zemljama EEC je 2% godišnje, što predstavlja nesumnjivo veliki uspeh genetičara i oplemenjivača šećerne repe. To povećanje prinosa ogleda se ne samo povećanjem genetskog potencijala rodnosti već i poboljšanjem otpornosti prema najznačajnijim bolestima i štetočinama. Jedno od najštetnijih oboljenja koje je do sada utvrđeno i opisano kod šećerne repe je Rizomanija, a najefikasnija mera borbe je stvaranje tolerantnih ili otpornih hibridnih sorti. Najnovije NS-hibridne sorte šećerne repe Sara, Lara, Drena, Darija i NS-Hy-031R koje su otporne prema rizomaniji u ogledima pokazuju visok genetički potencijal za najvažnije kvantitativne osobine.