Najznačajnije viroze pasulja i boranije

Abstract

U usevu pasulja i boranije širom sveta zabeleženo je preko 200 oboljenja različite etiologije, međutim u mnogim delovima sveta najznačajnije štete u proizvodnji mahunarki izazivaju upravo biljni virusi. Pasulj je domaćin 44 različita virusa među kojima su najvažniji virus običnog mozika pasulja (Bean common mosaic virus, BCMV), virus običnog nekrotičnog mozaika pasulja (Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, BCMNV), virus žutog mozaika pasulja (Bean yellow mosaic virus, BYMV) i virus mozaika krastavca (Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV). Virusi pasulja se prenose semenom i/ili vašima na neperzistentan način, što je jedan od glavnih uzroka široke rasprostranjenosti ovih virusa u svetu. Virusna oboljenja na pasulju i boraniji se ispoljavaju u vidu različitih tipova simptoma, a najčešći su mozaik, šarenilo, deformacija lišća i promene na mahunama, koji imaju za posledicu smanjenje porasta biljaka i prinosa.

Over 200 diseases with different etiologies have been determined in dry beans and green beans. However, viral diseases seem to cause the greatest economic damage to legume production in most parts of the world. Dry beans can be infected by 44 different viruses including Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Transmission through seeds and/or spread by aphids in non-persistent manner play important role in worldwide distribution of bean viruses. Viral diseases on dry and green beans can have an array of symptoms. The most common symptoms are the mosaic pattern, variegation or deformation of leaves and pods, resulting in reduced plant growth and yield.