Parametri nutritivnog kvaliteta ploda muskatne tikve (Cucurbita moschata Duch.)

Abstract

Kod tržišnog plasmana muskatne tikve od velikog su značaja nutritivni sastav i organoleptička svojstva plodova. Stoga pored prinosa kod odabira roditelja za ukrštanja treba uzeti u obzir i parametre kvaliteta. U radu su analizirani sadržaj suve materije, šećera i karotenoida u mesu plodova 11 genotipova muskatne tikve, tokom tri uzastopne sezone (2016, 2017, 2018). Utvrđene su značajne razlike među genotipovima i sezonama u pogledu svih ispitivanih parametara. Najviše vrednosti svih parametara su određene kod genotipa B2208, a najniže kod M o 8 -15. Visoke (> 30°C) i vrlo visoke (> 35°C) temperature vazduha u periodu zametanja i sazrevanja plodova nepovoljno utiču na sadržaj karotenoida u plodu. Sadržaj šećera je u toplijim sezonama (2017, 2018) viši u odnosu na sezonu 2016, kada su temperature bile na nivou višegodišnjih proseka, a maksimalne dnevne temperature nisu prelazile 35°C. Genotip B2208 je kandidat za uključivanje u oplemenjivački program unapređenja kvaliteta ploda muskatne tikve.

The nutritional composition and organoleptic properties of the fruit areof great importance in the market placement of butternut squash.Therefore, in addition to the yield, the quality parameters should be takeninto account when selecting parents for crosses. The paper analyzes thecontent of dry matter, sugar and carotenoids in the flesh of fruits of 11genotypes of butternut squash, grown during three consecutive seasons(2016, 2017, 2018). Significant differences were found among genotypesand seasons in terms of all examined parameters. The highest values ofall parameters were determined for genotype B2208, and the lowest forMo 8-15. High (> 30 °C) and very high (> 35 °C) air temperatures duringfruit set and ripening adversely affect the carotenoid content of the fruit.The sugar content in the warmer seasons (2017, 2018) is higher comparedto the 2016 season, when temperatures were close to multi-year averagesand maximum daily temperatures did not exceed 35 °C. Genotype B2208is a candidate for involvement in the breeding program aimed to improvethe butternut squash quality.