Yield of biomass and essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) grown under irrigation

Abstract

Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is a one-year herbaceous, spicy plant, which has aromatic smell and taste. One of its important ingredients is essential oil. The experiment showing the effect of irrigation on essential oil and biomass yield of dill was conducted in rainy 2016 and dry 2017 in two variants: control (without irrigation) and variant with irrigation. Favourable water balance of the soil was provided by applying drop-by-drop irrigation method. The average yield of fresh biomass was 8,252 kg ha-1 (10,194 kg ha-1 under irrigation and 6,310 kg ha-1 in control). Under irrigation, the yield of biomass was higher than the control variant by 78.59% in 2017 and 47.41% in 2016. Under irrigation, essential oil content and yield were higher than the control by 10.73% and 95.97% in 2017, respectively, and 3.93% and 54.06% in 2016, respectively.

Mirođija (Anethum graveolens L.) je jednogpdišnja zeljasta, začinska biljka, aromatičnog mirisa i ukusa čiji je najvažniji sastojak etarsko ulje. Eksperiment pokazuje efekat navodnjavanja na prinos etarskog ulja i biomase mirođije, a izveden je tokom vlažne 2016. i sušne 2017. godine u dve varijante: kontrola, bez navodnjavanja i varijanta sa navodnjavanjem. Povoljan vodni bilans zemljišta obezbeđen je primenom navodnjavanja metodom kap po kap. Prosečan prinos sveže biomase mirođije iznosio je 8.252 kg ha-1 (10.194 u navodnjavanju i 6.310 kg ha-1 na kontroli). U varijanti sa navodnjavanjem prinos biomase bio je veći u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu za 78,59% u 2017. godini, dok je u 2016. godini ostvarena razlika od 47,41%. U varijanti sa navodnjavanjem, sadržaj i prinos etarskog ulja bio je veći u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu za 10,73% i 95,97% u 2017. godini, dok je u 2016. godini ostvarena razlika od 3,93% i 54,06%.