Weed in organic production of spices and medical plants

Abstract

The analysis of weed flora in organic production of spices and medical herbs (nettle, basil, spearmint, dill, alpine savory, marigold and lemon balm) a total of 21 species were found. In the studied flora is dominated therophytes with 71.42%, while geophytes and hemicryptophytes are present both with 14.29%. The largest number of detected species were weed-ruderal plants (80.96%). They are followed by ruderal and segetal weeds, both present with the 9.52%. Phytogeographic analysis of weed flora indicates the dominance of the species which are widely distributed with 80.95% (Cosmopolitan - 47.62%, Eurasian - 19.05%, Adventive - 9.52% and Circumpolar - 4.76%). Plant species which are less distributed are present with 19.05% (Pontic- Central Asian - 9.52%; Sub-Atlantic - 4.76% and Central European - 4.76%). Ecological analysis of the weed flora was according Landolt (2010) and it showed that detected weeds are adapted to the conditions of moderately continental climate of the study area (Kx = 3.19). The studied agroecosystem is characterized as warm (Tx = 4.05) and well lit place (L = 3.91). It was found that the investigated site is fresh (Fx = 2.48), weakly acid to weakly neutral chemical reaction (Rx = 3.48), with a medium to relatively rich in mineral matter (Nx = 3.76), weakly saline (Ss - 33.33%), moderately rich in organic matter (Hx = 2.81) and moderately aerated (Dx = 2.62).

Analizom korovske flore u organskoj proizvodnji začinskog i lekovitog bilja (koprive, bosiljka, nane, mirođije, čubra, nevena i melise) konstatovana je ukupno 21 vrsta. U ispitivanoj flori dominiraju terofite sa 71,42%, dok su geofite i hemikriptofite prisutne sa po 14,29%. Najveće je učešće korovsko-ruderalnih biljaka (80,96%). Slede ih ruderalni i segetalni korovi prisutni sa po 9,52%. Biljnogeografska analiza flore pokazuje dominantno prisustvo korovskih vrsta širo- kog rasprostranjenja sa 80,95% (kosmopolitskih - 47,62%, evroazijskih - 19,05%, adventivnih - 9,52% i cirkumpolarnih - 4,76%). Biljne vrste užeg rasprostranjenja prisutne su sa 19,05% (pontsko-centralnoazijske - 9,52%; subatlanske - 4,76% i srednjeevropske - 4,76%). Ekološka analiza flore urađena je prema Landolt (2010), a pokazala je da je ispitivana korovska flora dobro prilagođena uslovima umereno kontinentalne klime istraživanog područja (Kx = 3,19), a ispitivani agroekosistem okarakterisan je kao topao (Tx = 4,05) i dobro osvetljen (Lx = 3,91). Utvrđeno je da je ispitivano stanište vlažno (Fx = 2,48), slabo kisele do slabo neutralne hemijske reakcije (Rx = 3,48), umereno do bogato mineralnim jedinjenjima (Nx = 3,76), slabije zaslanjeno (Ss - 33,33%), umereno bogato organskim materijama (Hx = 2,81) i umereno aerisano (Dx = 2,62).